Hidden sylvatic foci of the main vector of Chagas disease Triatoma infestans: threats to the vector elimination campaign?

<h4>Background</h4>Establishing the sources of reinfestation after residual insecticide spraying is crucial for vector elimination programs. Triatoma infestans, traditionally considered to be limited to domestic or peridomestic (abbreviated as D/PD) habitats throughout most of its range,...

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Autores principales:	Leonardo A Ceballos, Romina V Piccinali, Paula L Marcet, Gonzalo M Vazquez-Prokopec, M Victoria Cardinal, Judith Schachter-Broide, Jean-Pierre Dujardin, Ellen M Dotson, Uriel Kitron, Ricardo E Gürtler
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2011
Materias:	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1c0406ed63b048ab99a0de52317a7c97
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1c0406ed63b048ab99a0de52317a7c972021-11-18T09:14:44ZHidden sylvatic foci of the main vector of Chagas disease Triatoma infestans: threats to the vector elimination campaign?1935-27271935-273510.1371/journal.pntd.0001365https://doaj.org/article/1c0406ed63b048ab99a0de52317a7c972011-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22039559/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735<h4>Background</h4>Establishing the sources of reinfestation after residual insecticide spraying is crucial for vector elimination programs. Triatoma infestans, traditionally considered to be limited to domestic or peridomestic (abbreviated as D/PD) habitats throughout most of its range, is the target of an elimination program that has achieved limited success in the Gran Chaco region in South America.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>During a two-year period we conducted semi-annual searches for triatomine bugs in every D/PD site and surrounding sylvatic habitats after full-coverage spraying of pyrethroid insecticides of all houses in a well-defined rural area in northwestern Argentina. We found six low-density sylvatic foci with 24 T. infestans in fallen or standing trees located 110-2,300 m from the nearest house or infested D/PD site detected after insecticide spraying, when house infestations were rare. Analysis of two mitochondrial gene fragments of 20 sylvatic specimens confirmed their species identity as T. infestans and showed that their composite haplotypes were the same as or closely related to D/PD haplotypes. Population studies with 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci and wing geometric morphometry consistently indicated the occurrence of unrestricted gene flow between local D/PD and sylvatic populations. Mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite sibship analyses in the most abundant sylvatic colony revealed descendents from five different females. Spatial analysis showed a significant association between two sylvatic foci and the nearest D/PD bug population found before insecticide spraying.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Our study shows that, despite of its high degree of domesticity, T. infestans has sylvatic colonies with normal chromatic characters (not melanic morphs) highly connected to D/PD conspecifics in the Argentinean Chaco. Sylvatic habitats may provide a transient or permanent refuge after control interventions, and function as sources for D/PD reinfestation. The occurrence of sylvatic foci of T. infestans in the Gran Chaco may pose additional threats to ongoing vector elimination efforts.Leonardo A CeballosRomina V PiccinaliPaula L MarcetGonzalo M Vazquez-ProkopecM Victoria CardinalJudith Schachter-BroideJean-Pierre DujardinEllen M DotsonUriel KitronRicardo E GürtlerPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleArctic medicine. Tropical medicineRC955-962Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENPLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 5, Iss 10, p e1365 (2011)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Leonardo A Ceballos Romina V Piccinali Paula L Marcet Gonzalo M Vazquez-Prokopec M Victoria Cardinal Judith Schachter-Broide Jean-Pierre Dujardin Ellen M Dotson Uriel Kitron Ricardo E Gürtler Hidden sylvatic foci of the main vector of Chagas disease Triatoma infestans: threats to the vector elimination campaign?
description	<h4>Background</h4>Establishing the sources of reinfestation after residual insecticide spraying is crucial for vector elimination programs. Triatoma infestans, traditionally considered to be limited to domestic or peridomestic (abbreviated as D/PD) habitats throughout most of its range, is the target of an elimination program that has achieved limited success in the Gran Chaco region in South America.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>During a two-year period we conducted semi-annual searches for triatomine bugs in every D/PD site and surrounding sylvatic habitats after full-coverage spraying of pyrethroid insecticides of all houses in a well-defined rural area in northwestern Argentina. We found six low-density sylvatic foci with 24 T. infestans in fallen or standing trees located 110-2,300 m from the nearest house or infested D/PD site detected after insecticide spraying, when house infestations were rare. Analysis of two mitochondrial gene fragments of 20 sylvatic specimens confirmed their species identity as T. infestans and showed that their composite haplotypes were the same as or closely related to D/PD haplotypes. Population studies with 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci and wing geometric morphometry consistently indicated the occurrence of unrestricted gene flow between local D/PD and sylvatic populations. Mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite sibship analyses in the most abundant sylvatic colony revealed descendents from five different females. Spatial analysis showed a significant association between two sylvatic foci and the nearest D/PD bug population found before insecticide spraying.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Our study shows that, despite of its high degree of domesticity, T. infestans has sylvatic colonies with normal chromatic characters (not melanic morphs) highly connected to D/PD conspecifics in the Argentinean Chaco. Sylvatic habitats may provide a transient or permanent refuge after control interventions, and function as sources for D/PD reinfestation. The occurrence of sylvatic foci of T. infestans in the Gran Chaco may pose additional threats to ongoing vector elimination efforts.
format	article
author	Leonardo A Ceballos Romina V Piccinali Paula L Marcet Gonzalo M Vazquez-Prokopec M Victoria Cardinal Judith Schachter-Broide Jean-Pierre Dujardin Ellen M Dotson Uriel Kitron Ricardo E Gürtler
author_facet	Leonardo A Ceballos Romina V Piccinali Paula L Marcet Gonzalo M Vazquez-Prokopec M Victoria Cardinal Judith Schachter-Broide Jean-Pierre Dujardin Ellen M Dotson Uriel Kitron Ricardo E Gürtler
author_sort	Leonardo A Ceballos
title	Hidden sylvatic foci of the main vector of Chagas disease Triatoma infestans: threats to the vector elimination campaign?
title_short	Hidden sylvatic foci of the main vector of Chagas disease Triatoma infestans: threats to the vector elimination campaign?
title_full	Hidden sylvatic foci of the main vector of Chagas disease Triatoma infestans: threats to the vector elimination campaign?
title_fullStr	Hidden sylvatic foci of the main vector of Chagas disease Triatoma infestans: threats to the vector elimination campaign?
title_full_unstemmed	Hidden sylvatic foci of the main vector of Chagas disease Triatoma infestans: threats to the vector elimination campaign?
title_sort	hidden sylvatic foci of the main vector of chagas disease triatoma infestans: threats to the vector elimination campaign?
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2011
url	https://doaj.org/article/1c0406ed63b048ab99a0de52317a7c97
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Hidden sylvatic foci of the main vector of Chagas disease Triatoma infestans: threats to the vector elimination campaign?

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