Influence of variable biochar concentration on yield-scaled nitrous oxide emissions, Wheat yield and nitrogen use efficiency

Abstract An important source of the destructive greenhouse gas, nitrous oxide (N2O) comes from the use of ammonium based nitrogen (N) fertilizers that release N2O in the incomplete conversion (nitrification) of NH4 + to NO3ˉ1. Biochar has been shown to decrease nitrification rates and N2O emission....

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Autores principales:	Khadim Dawar, Saif-ur-Rahman, Shah Fahad, Syed Sartaj Alam, Shah Alam Khan, Atif Dawar, Uzma Younis, Subhan Danish, Rahul Datta, Richard P. Dick
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1c046f458cc94341b1e067c7630daceb
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1c046f458cc94341b1e067c7630daceb2021-12-02T16:45:41ZInfluence of variable biochar concentration on yield-scaled nitrous oxide emissions, Wheat yield and nitrogen use efficiency10.1038/s41598-021-96309-42045-2322https://doaj.org/article/1c046f458cc94341b1e067c7630daceb2021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-96309-4https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract An important source of the destructive greenhouse gas, nitrous oxide (N2O) comes from the use of ammonium based nitrogen (N) fertilizers that release N2O in the incomplete conversion (nitrification) of NH4 + to NO3ˉ1. Biochar has been shown to decrease nitrification rates and N2O emission. However, there is little information from semi-arid environments such as in Pakistan where conditions favor N2O emissions. Therefore, the object was to conduct field experiment to determine the impact of biochar rates in the presence or absence of urea amended soils on yield-scaled N2O emissions, and wheat yield and N use efficiency (NUE). The experiment on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), had a randomized complete block design with four replications and the treatments: control, sole urea (150 kg N ha−1), 5 Mg biochar ha−1 (B5), 10 Mg biochar ha−1 (B10), urea + B5 or urea + B10. In urea amended soils with B5 or B10 treatments, biochar reduced total N2O emissions by 27 and 35%, respectively, over the sole urea treatment. Urea + B5 or + B10 treatments had 34 and 46% lower levels, respectively, of yield scaled N2O over the sole urea treatment. The B5 and B10 treatments had 24–38%, 9–13%, 12–27% and 35–43%, respectively greater wheat above-ground biomass, grain yield, total N uptake, and NUE, over sole urea. The biochar treatments increased the retention of NH4 + which likely was an important mechanism for reducing N2O by limiting nitrification. These results indicate that amending soils with biochar has potential to mitigate N2O emissions in a semi-arid and at the same time increase wheat productivity.Khadim DawarSaif-ur-RahmanShah FahadSyed Sartaj AlamShah Alam KhanAtif DawarUzma YounisSubhan DanishRahul DattaRichard P. DickNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Khadim Dawar Saif-ur-Rahman Shah Fahad Syed Sartaj Alam Shah Alam Khan Atif Dawar Uzma Younis Subhan Danish Rahul Datta Richard P. Dick Influence of variable biochar concentration on yield-scaled nitrous oxide emissions, Wheat yield and nitrogen use efficiency
description	Abstract An important source of the destructive greenhouse gas, nitrous oxide (N2O) comes from the use of ammonium based nitrogen (N) fertilizers that release N2O in the incomplete conversion (nitrification) of NH4 + to NO3ˉ1. Biochar has been shown to decrease nitrification rates and N2O emission. However, there is little information from semi-arid environments such as in Pakistan where conditions favor N2O emissions. Therefore, the object was to conduct field experiment to determine the impact of biochar rates in the presence or absence of urea amended soils on yield-scaled N2O emissions, and wheat yield and N use efficiency (NUE). The experiment on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), had a randomized complete block design with four replications and the treatments: control, sole urea (150 kg N ha−1), 5 Mg biochar ha−1 (B5), 10 Mg biochar ha−1 (B10), urea + B5 or urea + B10. In urea amended soils with B5 or B10 treatments, biochar reduced total N2O emissions by 27 and 35%, respectively, over the sole urea treatment. Urea + B5 or + B10 treatments had 34 and 46% lower levels, respectively, of yield scaled N2O over the sole urea treatment. The B5 and B10 treatments had 24–38%, 9–13%, 12–27% and 35–43%, respectively greater wheat above-ground biomass, grain yield, total N uptake, and NUE, over sole urea. The biochar treatments increased the retention of NH4 + which likely was an important mechanism for reducing N2O by limiting nitrification. These results indicate that amending soils with biochar has potential to mitigate N2O emissions in a semi-arid and at the same time increase wheat productivity.
format	article
author	Khadim Dawar Saif-ur-Rahman Shah Fahad Syed Sartaj Alam Shah Alam Khan Atif Dawar Uzma Younis Subhan Danish Rahul Datta Richard P. Dick
author_facet	Khadim Dawar Saif-ur-Rahman Shah Fahad Syed Sartaj Alam Shah Alam Khan Atif Dawar Uzma Younis Subhan Danish Rahul Datta Richard P. Dick
author_sort	Khadim Dawar
title	Influence of variable biochar concentration on yield-scaled nitrous oxide emissions, Wheat yield and nitrogen use efficiency
title_short	Influence of variable biochar concentration on yield-scaled nitrous oxide emissions, Wheat yield and nitrogen use efficiency
title_full	Influence of variable biochar concentration on yield-scaled nitrous oxide emissions, Wheat yield and nitrogen use efficiency
title_fullStr	Influence of variable biochar concentration on yield-scaled nitrous oxide emissions, Wheat yield and nitrogen use efficiency
title_full_unstemmed	Influence of variable biochar concentration on yield-scaled nitrous oxide emissions, Wheat yield and nitrogen use efficiency
title_sort	influence of variable biochar concentration on yield-scaled nitrous oxide emissions, wheat yield and nitrogen use efficiency
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/1c046f458cc94341b1e067c7630daceb
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Influence of variable biochar concentration on yield-scaled nitrous oxide emissions, Wheat yield and nitrogen use efficiency

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