How to Establish a Minimal Invasive and Stable Carotid Artery Stenosis Rabbit Model? A Simple and Effective Carotid Artery Balloon Strain Technique

Background: The objective of this study is to establish a minimally invasive technique to create a stable carotid artery stenosis rabbit model. This article summarizes the specific methods and key points of this technology.Methods: The experiment studied a rabbit that was anesthetized through the ve...

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Autores principales:	Zhengli Liu, Maofeng Gong, Boxiang Zhao, Jianping Gu, Haobo Su, Yangyi Zhou, Guanqi Fu, Xu He, Jie Kong
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	common carotid artery stenosis injury fluoroscopy guidance balloon strain rabbit model Physiology QP1-981
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1c0f4a7fff5e4a98bc24f407f30e3f0e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1c0f4a7fff5e4a98bc24f407f30e3f0e2021-11-04T07:43:05ZHow to Establish a Minimal Invasive and Stable Carotid Artery Stenosis Rabbit Model? A Simple and Effective Carotid Artery Balloon Strain Technique1664-042X10.3389/fphys.2021.752716https://doaj.org/article/1c0f4a7fff5e4a98bc24f407f30e3f0e2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2021.752716/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-042XBackground: The objective of this study is to establish a minimally invasive technique to create a stable carotid artery stenosis rabbit model. This article summarizes the specific methods and key points of this technology.Methods: The experiment studied a rabbit that was anesthetized through the vein. After the femoral artery was exposed, a minimally invasive needle was used to puncture the femoral artery, then the sheath was placed into the artery. We primarily put a catheter in the ascending aorta for angiography and then used a PT2 guidewire for super-selection. The PT2 guidewire was retained, and a balloon was placed in the right common carotid artery (CCA) through a guidewire to inflate it three times. Six rabbits in the 2- (2W) and 4-week (4W) groups were examined at 14 and 28 days, respectively. The rabbits in the control group received angiography at the beginning and 28 days later but without balloon injury. After angiography assessment, specimens of right CCA were dissected. Pathological and immunohistochemical examinations were performed on the collected specimens, and iFlow analysis was performed as well.Results: All the 18 animals which survived were observed. The rabbits in the 2W and 4W groups showed stenosis of the right CCA. Digital subtraction angiography showed the diameter was lower than that in the control group (1.04 ± 0.1, 0.71 ± 0.12, and 1.83 ± 0.08 mm in 2W, 4W, and control group, P < 0.05). Pathology also suggested carotid stenosis and obvious intimal hyperplasia. The results of immunohistochemistry showed that α-smooth muscle actin was highly expressed in the 2W and 4W groups, and the integrated optical density (IOD) value was higher than that in the control group (14,807.11 ± 1,822.3, 22,245.96 ± 1,212.82, and 6,537.16 ± 1,186.62 in the 2W, 4W, and control group, P < 0.05). Meanwhile, a cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31) was low expressed in the 2W and 4W groups, and the IOD value was lower than that in the control group (519.14 ± 44.4, 1,029.64 ± 98.48, and 1,502.05 ± 88.79 in the 2W, 4W, and control group, P < 0.05), which suggested endothelial damage and partial repair. The analysis by iFlow showed that the time-to-peak after balloon strain in the 2W and 4W groups were longer than that in the control group.Conclusion: We established a minimally invasive, effective, and safe method to establish a carotid artery stenosis rabbit model. The highlights of this technology were the application of minimally invasive methods, reducing surgical bleeding, infection, and related complications. This technology avoided the influence of tissue around CCA in the traditional carotid artery balloon injury model, which might lead to more accurate treatment outcomes.Zhengli LiuMaofeng GongBoxiang ZhaoJianping GuHaobo SuYangyi ZhouGuanqi FuXu HeJie KongFrontiers Media S.A.articlecommon carotid artery stenosisinjuryfluoroscopy guidanceballoon strainrabbit modelPhysiologyQP1-981ENFrontiers in Physiology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	common carotid artery stenosis injury fluoroscopy guidance balloon strain rabbit model Physiology QP1-981
spellingShingle	common carotid artery stenosis injury fluoroscopy guidance balloon strain rabbit model Physiology QP1-981 Zhengli Liu Maofeng Gong Boxiang Zhao Jianping Gu Haobo Su Yangyi Zhou Guanqi Fu Xu He Jie Kong How to Establish a Minimal Invasive and Stable Carotid Artery Stenosis Rabbit Model? A Simple and Effective Carotid Artery Balloon Strain Technique
description	Background: The objective of this study is to establish a minimally invasive technique to create a stable carotid artery stenosis rabbit model. This article summarizes the specific methods and key points of this technology.Methods: The experiment studied a rabbit that was anesthetized through the vein. After the femoral artery was exposed, a minimally invasive needle was used to puncture the femoral artery, then the sheath was placed into the artery. We primarily put a catheter in the ascending aorta for angiography and then used a PT2 guidewire for super-selection. The PT2 guidewire was retained, and a balloon was placed in the right common carotid artery (CCA) through a guidewire to inflate it three times. Six rabbits in the 2- (2W) and 4-week (4W) groups were examined at 14 and 28 days, respectively. The rabbits in the control group received angiography at the beginning and 28 days later but without balloon injury. After angiography assessment, specimens of right CCA were dissected. Pathological and immunohistochemical examinations were performed on the collected specimens, and iFlow analysis was performed as well.Results: All the 18 animals which survived were observed. The rabbits in the 2W and 4W groups showed stenosis of the right CCA. Digital subtraction angiography showed the diameter was lower than that in the control group (1.04 ± 0.1, 0.71 ± 0.12, and 1.83 ± 0.08 mm in 2W, 4W, and control group, P < 0.05). Pathology also suggested carotid stenosis and obvious intimal hyperplasia. The results of immunohistochemistry showed that α-smooth muscle actin was highly expressed in the 2W and 4W groups, and the integrated optical density (IOD) value was higher than that in the control group (14,807.11 ± 1,822.3, 22,245.96 ± 1,212.82, and 6,537.16 ± 1,186.62 in the 2W, 4W, and control group, P < 0.05). Meanwhile, a cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31) was low expressed in the 2W and 4W groups, and the IOD value was lower than that in the control group (519.14 ± 44.4, 1,029.64 ± 98.48, and 1,502.05 ± 88.79 in the 2W, 4W, and control group, P < 0.05), which suggested endothelial damage and partial repair. The analysis by iFlow showed that the time-to-peak after balloon strain in the 2W and 4W groups were longer than that in the control group.Conclusion: We established a minimally invasive, effective, and safe method to establish a carotid artery stenosis rabbit model. The highlights of this technology were the application of minimally invasive methods, reducing surgical bleeding, infection, and related complications. This technology avoided the influence of tissue around CCA in the traditional carotid artery balloon injury model, which might lead to more accurate treatment outcomes.
format	article
author	Zhengli Liu Maofeng Gong Boxiang Zhao Jianping Gu Haobo Su Yangyi Zhou Guanqi Fu Xu He Jie Kong
author_facet	Zhengli Liu Maofeng Gong Boxiang Zhao Jianping Gu Haobo Su Yangyi Zhou Guanqi Fu Xu He Jie Kong
author_sort	Zhengli Liu
title	How to Establish a Minimal Invasive and Stable Carotid Artery Stenosis Rabbit Model? A Simple and Effective Carotid Artery Balloon Strain Technique
title_short	How to Establish a Minimal Invasive and Stable Carotid Artery Stenosis Rabbit Model? A Simple and Effective Carotid Artery Balloon Strain Technique
title_full	How to Establish a Minimal Invasive and Stable Carotid Artery Stenosis Rabbit Model? A Simple and Effective Carotid Artery Balloon Strain Technique
title_fullStr	How to Establish a Minimal Invasive and Stable Carotid Artery Stenosis Rabbit Model? A Simple and Effective Carotid Artery Balloon Strain Technique
title_full_unstemmed	How to Establish a Minimal Invasive and Stable Carotid Artery Stenosis Rabbit Model? A Simple and Effective Carotid Artery Balloon Strain Technique
title_sort	how to establish a minimal invasive and stable carotid artery stenosis rabbit model? a simple and effective carotid artery balloon strain technique
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/1c0f4a7fff5e4a98bc24f407f30e3f0e
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How to Establish a Minimal Invasive and Stable Carotid Artery Stenosis Rabbit Model? A Simple and Effective Carotid Artery Balloon Strain Technique

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