Distribution and Determinants of Vitamin D-Binding Protein, Total, “Non-Bioavailable”, Bioavailable, and Free 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations among Older Adults

Background: serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) (“total 25 OH(D)”) is the most commonly used indicator of vitamin D status. However, 25(OH)D is mostly bound to the vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) or albumin in blood, and it has been suggested that the remaining bioavailable or free 25(OH)D may be m...

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Autores principales:	Anna Zhu, Sabine Kuznia, Tobias Niedermaier, Bernd Holleczek, Ben Schöttker, Hermann Brenner
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	vitamin D-binding protein bioavailable 25(OH)D free 25(OH)D determinants Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1c5a9c7e51b742ffbac5910de87de42f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1c5a9c7e51b742ffbac5910de87de42f2021-11-25T18:35:47ZDistribution and Determinants of Vitamin D-Binding Protein, Total, “Non-Bioavailable”, Bioavailable, and Free 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations among Older Adults10.3390/nu131139822072-6643https://doaj.org/article/1c5a9c7e51b742ffbac5910de87de42f2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/11/3982https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6643Background: serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) (“total 25 OH(D)”) is the most commonly used indicator of vitamin D status. However, 25(OH)D is mostly bound to the vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) or albumin in blood, and it has been suggested that the remaining bioavailable or free 25(OH)D may be more relevant for vitamin D associated health outcomes. We aimed to explore distributions and determinants of VDBP, total, bioavailable, complementary “non-bioavailable”, and free 25(OH)D in a large cohort of older adults in Germany. Methods: total 25(OH)D, VDBP, and albumin concentrations were measured in blood samples of 5899 men and women aged 50–75 years and used to calculate bioavailable (and complementary “non-bioavailable”) and free 25(OH)D concentrations. Linear regression models were used to evaluate associations of potential determinants of the various vitamin D biomarkers. Results: mean concentrations of VDBP, total, non-bioavailable, bioavailable, and free 25(OH)D were 323.6 µg/mL, 49.8 nmol/L, 43.4 nmol/L, 2.5 ng/mL, and 5.7 pg/mL, respectively. Seasonal variations were observed for all markers, with peak values in spring for VDBP and in summer for total, non-bioavailable, bioavailable, and free 25(OH)D. Consistent inverse associations were seen with age and body mass index for all markers, but divergent associations were seen with C-reactive protein. Strong variations by VDBP genotypes were seen for bioavailable and free 25(OH)D, and, in opposite direction for non-bioavailable 25(OH)D. Conclusion: commonalities and differences in determinants of various markers of vitamin D status were observed, which may help to enable a better understanding of their potential role for various vitamin D related health outcomes.Anna ZhuSabine KuzniaTobias NiedermaierBernd HolleczekBen SchöttkerHermann BrennerMDPI AGarticlevitamin D-binding proteinbioavailable 25(OH)Dfree 25(OH)DdeterminantsNutrition. Foods and food supplyTX341-641ENNutrients, Vol 13, Iss 3982, p 3982 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	vitamin D-binding protein bioavailable 25(OH)D free 25(OH)D determinants Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641
spellingShingle	vitamin D-binding protein bioavailable 25(OH)D free 25(OH)D determinants Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641 Anna Zhu Sabine Kuznia Tobias Niedermaier Bernd Holleczek Ben Schöttker Hermann Brenner Distribution and Determinants of Vitamin D-Binding Protein, Total, “Non-Bioavailable”, Bioavailable, and Free 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations among Older Adults
description	Background: serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) (“total 25 OH(D)”) is the most commonly used indicator of vitamin D status. However, 25(OH)D is mostly bound to the vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) or albumin in blood, and it has been suggested that the remaining bioavailable or free 25(OH)D may be more relevant for vitamin D associated health outcomes. We aimed to explore distributions and determinants of VDBP, total, bioavailable, complementary “non-bioavailable”, and free 25(OH)D in a large cohort of older adults in Germany. Methods: total 25(OH)D, VDBP, and albumin concentrations were measured in blood samples of 5899 men and women aged 50–75 years and used to calculate bioavailable (and complementary “non-bioavailable”) and free 25(OH)D concentrations. Linear regression models were used to evaluate associations of potential determinants of the various vitamin D biomarkers. Results: mean concentrations of VDBP, total, non-bioavailable, bioavailable, and free 25(OH)D were 323.6 µg/mL, 49.8 nmol/L, 43.4 nmol/L, 2.5 ng/mL, and 5.7 pg/mL, respectively. Seasonal variations were observed for all markers, with peak values in spring for VDBP and in summer for total, non-bioavailable, bioavailable, and free 25(OH)D. Consistent inverse associations were seen with age and body mass index for all markers, but divergent associations were seen with C-reactive protein. Strong variations by VDBP genotypes were seen for bioavailable and free 25(OH)D, and, in opposite direction for non-bioavailable 25(OH)D. Conclusion: commonalities and differences in determinants of various markers of vitamin D status were observed, which may help to enable a better understanding of their potential role for various vitamin D related health outcomes.
format	article
author	Anna Zhu Sabine Kuznia Tobias Niedermaier Bernd Holleczek Ben Schöttker Hermann Brenner
author_facet	Anna Zhu Sabine Kuznia Tobias Niedermaier Bernd Holleczek Ben Schöttker Hermann Brenner
author_sort	Anna Zhu
title	Distribution and Determinants of Vitamin D-Binding Protein, Total, “Non-Bioavailable”, Bioavailable, and Free 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations among Older Adults
title_short	Distribution and Determinants of Vitamin D-Binding Protein, Total, “Non-Bioavailable”, Bioavailable, and Free 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations among Older Adults
title_full	Distribution and Determinants of Vitamin D-Binding Protein, Total, “Non-Bioavailable”, Bioavailable, and Free 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations among Older Adults
title_fullStr	Distribution and Determinants of Vitamin D-Binding Protein, Total, “Non-Bioavailable”, Bioavailable, and Free 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations among Older Adults
title_full_unstemmed	Distribution and Determinants of Vitamin D-Binding Protein, Total, “Non-Bioavailable”, Bioavailable, and Free 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations among Older Adults
title_sort	distribution and determinants of vitamin d-binding protein, total, “non-bioavailable”, bioavailable, and free 25-hydroxyvitamin d concentrations among older adults
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/1c5a9c7e51b742ffbac5910de87de42f
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Distribution and Determinants of Vitamin D-Binding Protein, Total, “Non-Bioavailable”, Bioavailable, and Free 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations among Older Adults

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