Integration of Metabolome and Transcriptome Reveals the Relationship of Benzenoid–Phenylpropanoid Pigment and Aroma in Purple Tea Flowers

Tea (Camellia sinensis) flowers are normally white, even though the leaves could be purple. We previously discovered a specific variety with purple leaves and flowers. In the face of such a phenomenon, researchers usually focus on the mechanism of color formation but ignore the change of aroma. The...

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Autores principales:	Xin Mei, Shihua Wan, Chuyuan Lin, Caibi Zhou, Liuhong Hu, Chan Deng, Lingyun Zhang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	Camellia sinensis petal anthocyanin volatile transcription factor acetophenone Plant culture SB1-1110
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1c76fa8b02b14dd89fbd477451282473
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1c76fa8b02b14dd89fbd4774512824732021-11-30T11:49:30ZIntegration of Metabolome and Transcriptome Reveals the Relationship of Benzenoid–Phenylpropanoid Pigment and Aroma in Purple Tea Flowers1664-462X10.3389/fpls.2021.762330https://doaj.org/article/1c76fa8b02b14dd89fbd4774512824732021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.762330/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-462XTea (Camellia sinensis) flowers are normally white, even though the leaves could be purple. We previously discovered a specific variety with purple leaves and flowers. In the face of such a phenomenon, researchers usually focus on the mechanism of color formation but ignore the change of aroma. The purple tea flowers contain more anthocyanins, which belong to flavonoids. Meanwhile, phenylalanine (Phe), derived from the shikimate pathway, is a precursor for both flavonoids and volatile benzenoid–phenylpropanoids (BPs). Thus, it is not clear whether the BP aroma was attenuated for the appearance of purple color. In this study, we integrated metabolome and transcriptome of petals of two tea varieties, namely, Zijuan (ZJ) with white flowers and Baitang (BT) with purple flowers, to reveal the relationship between color (anthocyanins) and aroma (volatile BPs). The results indicated that in purple petals, the upstream shikimate pathway promoted for 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase (DAHPS) was elevated. Among the increased anthocyanins, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside (DpG) was extremely higher; volatile BPs, including benzyl aldehyde, benzyl alcohol, acetophenone (AP), 1-phenylethanol, and 2-phenylethanol, were also enhanced, and AP was largely elevated. The structural genes related to the biosynthesis of volatile BPs were induced, while the whole flavonoid biosynthesis pathway was downregulated, except for the genes flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase (F3′H) and flavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylase (F3′5′H), which were highly expressed to shift the carbon flux to delphinidin, which was then conjugated to glucoside by increased bronze-1 (BZ1) (UDP-glucose: flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase) to form DpG. Transcription factors (TFs) highly related to AP and DpG were selected to investigate their correlation with the differentially expressed structural genes. TFs, such as MYB, AP2/ERF, bZIP, TCP, and GATA, were dramatically expressed and focused on the regulation of genes in the upstream synthesis of Phe (DAHPS; arogenate dehydratase/prephenatedehydratase) and the synthesis of AP (phenylacetaldehyde reductase; short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase), Dp (F3′H; F3′5′H), and DpG (BZ1), but inhibited the formation of flavones (flavonol synthase) and catechins (leucoanthocyanidin reductase). These results discovered an unexpected promotion of volatile BPs in purple tea flowers and extended our understanding of the relationship between the BP-type color and aroma in the tea plant.Xin MeiXin MeiShihua WanChuyuan LinCaibi ZhouLiuhong HuChan DengLingyun ZhangFrontiers Media S.A.articleCamellia sinensispetalanthocyaninvolatiletranscription factoracetophenonePlant cultureSB1-1110ENFrontiers in Plant Science, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Camellia sinensis petal anthocyanin volatile transcription factor acetophenone Plant culture SB1-1110
spellingShingle	Camellia sinensis petal anthocyanin volatile transcription factor acetophenone Plant culture SB1-1110 Xin Mei Xin Mei Shihua Wan Chuyuan Lin Caibi Zhou Liuhong Hu Chan Deng Lingyun Zhang Integration of Metabolome and Transcriptome Reveals the Relationship of Benzenoid–Phenylpropanoid Pigment and Aroma in Purple Tea Flowers
description	Tea (Camellia sinensis) flowers are normally white, even though the leaves could be purple. We previously discovered a specific variety with purple leaves and flowers. In the face of such a phenomenon, researchers usually focus on the mechanism of color formation but ignore the change of aroma. The purple tea flowers contain more anthocyanins, which belong to flavonoids. Meanwhile, phenylalanine (Phe), derived from the shikimate pathway, is a precursor for both flavonoids and volatile benzenoid–phenylpropanoids (BPs). Thus, it is not clear whether the BP aroma was attenuated for the appearance of purple color. In this study, we integrated metabolome and transcriptome of petals of two tea varieties, namely, Zijuan (ZJ) with white flowers and Baitang (BT) with purple flowers, to reveal the relationship between color (anthocyanins) and aroma (volatile BPs). The results indicated that in purple petals, the upstream shikimate pathway promoted for 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase (DAHPS) was elevated. Among the increased anthocyanins, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside (DpG) was extremely higher; volatile BPs, including benzyl aldehyde, benzyl alcohol, acetophenone (AP), 1-phenylethanol, and 2-phenylethanol, were also enhanced, and AP was largely elevated. The structural genes related to the biosynthesis of volatile BPs were induced, while the whole flavonoid biosynthesis pathway was downregulated, except for the genes flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase (F3′H) and flavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylase (F3′5′H), which were highly expressed to shift the carbon flux to delphinidin, which was then conjugated to glucoside by increased bronze-1 (BZ1) (UDP-glucose: flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase) to form DpG. Transcription factors (TFs) highly related to AP and DpG were selected to investigate their correlation with the differentially expressed structural genes. TFs, such as MYB, AP2/ERF, bZIP, TCP, and GATA, were dramatically expressed and focused on the regulation of genes in the upstream synthesis of Phe (DAHPS; arogenate dehydratase/prephenatedehydratase) and the synthesis of AP (phenylacetaldehyde reductase; short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase), Dp (F3′H; F3′5′H), and DpG (BZ1), but inhibited the formation of flavones (flavonol synthase) and catechins (leucoanthocyanidin reductase). These results discovered an unexpected promotion of volatile BPs in purple tea flowers and extended our understanding of the relationship between the BP-type color and aroma in the tea plant.
format	article
author	Xin Mei Xin Mei Shihua Wan Chuyuan Lin Caibi Zhou Liuhong Hu Chan Deng Lingyun Zhang
author_facet	Xin Mei Xin Mei Shihua Wan Chuyuan Lin Caibi Zhou Liuhong Hu Chan Deng Lingyun Zhang
author_sort	Xin Mei
title	Integration of Metabolome and Transcriptome Reveals the Relationship of Benzenoid–Phenylpropanoid Pigment and Aroma in Purple Tea Flowers
title_short	Integration of Metabolome and Transcriptome Reveals the Relationship of Benzenoid–Phenylpropanoid Pigment and Aroma in Purple Tea Flowers
title_full	Integration of Metabolome and Transcriptome Reveals the Relationship of Benzenoid–Phenylpropanoid Pigment and Aroma in Purple Tea Flowers
title_fullStr	Integration of Metabolome and Transcriptome Reveals the Relationship of Benzenoid–Phenylpropanoid Pigment and Aroma in Purple Tea Flowers
title_full_unstemmed	Integration of Metabolome and Transcriptome Reveals the Relationship of Benzenoid–Phenylpropanoid Pigment and Aroma in Purple Tea Flowers
title_sort	integration of metabolome and transcriptome reveals the relationship of benzenoid–phenylpropanoid pigment and aroma in purple tea flowers
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/1c76fa8b02b14dd89fbd477451282473
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Integration of Metabolome and Transcriptome Reveals the Relationship of Benzenoid–Phenylpropanoid Pigment and Aroma in Purple Tea Flowers

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