Quasi Geoid and Geoid Modeling with the Use of Terrestrial and Airborne Gravity Data by the GGI Method—A Case Study in the Mountainous Area of Colorado

This article concerns the development of gravimetric quasigeoid and geoid models using the geophysical gravity data inversion technique (the GGI method). This research work was carried out on the basis of the data used in the Colorado geoid experiment, and the mean quasigeoid (<inline-formula>...

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Autores principales:	Marek Trojanowicz, Magdalena Owczarek-Wesołowska, Yan Ming Wang, Olgierd Jamroz
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	airborne and terrestrial gravity data combination regional disturbing potential model regional geoid and quasigeoid model Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1c80d53632fe418eb446874705e3e8a4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1c80d53632fe418eb446874705e3e8a42021-11-11T18:50:27ZQuasi Geoid and Geoid Modeling with the Use of Terrestrial and Airborne Gravity Data by the GGI Method—A Case Study in the Mountainous Area of Colorado10.3390/rs132142172072-4292https://doaj.org/article/1c80d53632fe418eb446874705e3e8a42021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/21/4217https://doaj.org/toc/2072-4292This article concerns the development of gravimetric quasigeoid and geoid models using the geophysical gravity data inversion technique (the GGI method). This research work was carried out on the basis of the data used in the Colorado geoid experiment, and the mean quasigeoid (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>ζ</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) and mean geoid (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) heights, determined by the approaches used in the Colorado geoid experiment, were used as a reference. Three versions of the quasigeoid GGI models depending on gravity data were analyzed: terrestrial-only, airborne-only, and combined (using airborne and terrestrial datasets). For the combined version, which was the most accurate, a model in the form of a <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mn>1</mn><mo>′</mo></msup><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>1</mn><mo>′</mo></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> grid was calculated in the same area as the models determined in the Colorado geoid experiment. For the same grid, the geoid–quasigeoid separation was determined, which was used to build the geoid model. The agreement (in terms of the standard deviation of the differences) of the determined models, with <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>ζ</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> values for the GSVS17 profile points, was <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>±</mo><mn>0.9</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> for the quasigeoid and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>±</mo><mn>1.2</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> for the geoid model. The analogous values, determined on the basis of all <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mn>1</mn><mo>′</mo></msup><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>1</mn><mo>′</mo></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> grid points, were <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>±</mo><mn>2.3</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>±</mo><mn>2.6</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> for the quasigeoid and geoid models, respectively.Marek TrojanowiczMagdalena Owczarek-WesołowskaYan Ming WangOlgierd JamrozMDPI AGarticleairborne and terrestrial gravity data combinationregional disturbing potential modelregional geoid and quasigeoid modelScienceQENRemote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 4217, p 4217 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	airborne and terrestrial gravity data combination regional disturbing potential model regional geoid and quasigeoid model Science Q
spellingShingle	airborne and terrestrial gravity data combination regional disturbing potential model regional geoid and quasigeoid model Science Q Marek Trojanowicz Magdalena Owczarek-Wesołowska Yan Ming Wang Olgierd Jamroz Quasi Geoid and Geoid Modeling with the Use of Terrestrial and Airborne Gravity Data by the GGI Method—A Case Study in the Mountainous Area of Colorado
description	This article concerns the development of gravimetric quasigeoid and geoid models using the geophysical gravity data inversion technique (the GGI method). This research work was carried out on the basis of the data used in the Colorado geoid experiment, and the mean quasigeoid (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>ζ</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) and mean geoid (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) heights, determined by the approaches used in the Colorado geoid experiment, were used as a reference. Three versions of the quasigeoid GGI models depending on gravity data were analyzed: terrestrial-only, airborne-only, and combined (using airborne and terrestrial datasets). For the combined version, which was the most accurate, a model in the form of a <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mn>1</mn><mo>′</mo></msup><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>1</mn><mo>′</mo></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> grid was calculated in the same area as the models determined in the Colorado geoid experiment. For the same grid, the geoid–quasigeoid separation was determined, which was used to build the geoid model. The agreement (in terms of the standard deviation of the differences) of the determined models, with <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>ζ</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> values for the GSVS17 profile points, was <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>±</mo><mn>0.9</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> for the quasigeoid and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>±</mo><mn>1.2</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> for the geoid model. The analogous values, determined on the basis of all <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mn>1</mn><mo>′</mo></msup><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>1</mn><mo>′</mo></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> grid points, were <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>±</mo><mn>2.3</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>±</mo><mn>2.6</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> for the quasigeoid and geoid models, respectively.
format	article
author	Marek Trojanowicz Magdalena Owczarek-Wesołowska Yan Ming Wang Olgierd Jamroz
author_facet	Marek Trojanowicz Magdalena Owczarek-Wesołowska Yan Ming Wang Olgierd Jamroz
author_sort	Marek Trojanowicz
title	Quasi Geoid and Geoid Modeling with the Use of Terrestrial and Airborne Gravity Data by the GGI Method—A Case Study in the Mountainous Area of Colorado
title_short	Quasi Geoid and Geoid Modeling with the Use of Terrestrial and Airborne Gravity Data by the GGI Method—A Case Study in the Mountainous Area of Colorado
title_full	Quasi Geoid and Geoid Modeling with the Use of Terrestrial and Airborne Gravity Data by the GGI Method—A Case Study in the Mountainous Area of Colorado
title_fullStr	Quasi Geoid and Geoid Modeling with the Use of Terrestrial and Airborne Gravity Data by the GGI Method—A Case Study in the Mountainous Area of Colorado
title_full_unstemmed	Quasi Geoid and Geoid Modeling with the Use of Terrestrial and Airborne Gravity Data by the GGI Method—A Case Study in the Mountainous Area of Colorado
title_sort	quasi geoid and geoid modeling with the use of terrestrial and airborne gravity data by the ggi method—a case study in the mountainous area of colorado
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/1c80d53632fe418eb446874705e3e8a4
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Quasi Geoid and Geoid Modeling with the Use of Terrestrial and Airborne Gravity Data by the GGI Method—A Case Study in the Mountainous Area of Colorado

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