A new FTIR method for estimating the firing temperature of ceramic bronze-casting moulds from early China

Abstract Intricate ceramic bronze-casting moulds are among the most significant archaeological remains found at Bronze Age metallurgical workshops in China. Firing temperature was presumably one of the most important technical factors in mould making. However, it has proven difficult to determine th...

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Autores principales:	Bichen Yan, Siran Liu, Matthew L. Chastain, Shugang Yang, Jianli Chen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1c88c879a85a48ef9184c27435cd29bd
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1c88c879a85a48ef9184c27435cd29bd2021-12-02T14:27:02ZA new FTIR method for estimating the firing temperature of ceramic bronze-casting moulds from early China10.1038/s41598-021-82806-z2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/1c88c879a85a48ef9184c27435cd29bd2021-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82806-zhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Intricate ceramic bronze-casting moulds are among the most significant archaeological remains found at Bronze Age metallurgical workshops in China. Firing temperature was presumably one of the most important technical factors in mould making. However, it has proven difficult to determine the firing temperatures of excavated moulds using existing analytical methods. This study establishes an innovative new method for using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to estimate the firing temperature of clay-containing remains. The method is based on the finding that the infrared absorptivity of fired clay minerals, measured at the Si–O–Si stretching resonance band, is negatively correlated with firing temperature. Moulds and mould cores dating to the Early Shang period (sixteenth to fourteenth century BCE) are found to have been fired at extremely low temperatures—as low as 200–300 °C in many instances. These results provide critical new data for understanding the metallurgical technology of ancient China.Bichen YanSiran LiuMatthew L. ChastainShugang YangJianli ChenNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Bichen Yan Siran Liu Matthew L. Chastain Shugang Yang Jianli Chen A new FTIR method for estimating the firing temperature of ceramic bronze-casting moulds from early China
description	Abstract Intricate ceramic bronze-casting moulds are among the most significant archaeological remains found at Bronze Age metallurgical workshops in China. Firing temperature was presumably one of the most important technical factors in mould making. However, it has proven difficult to determine the firing temperatures of excavated moulds using existing analytical methods. This study establishes an innovative new method for using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to estimate the firing temperature of clay-containing remains. The method is based on the finding that the infrared absorptivity of fired clay minerals, measured at the Si–O–Si stretching resonance band, is negatively correlated with firing temperature. Moulds and mould cores dating to the Early Shang period (sixteenth to fourteenth century BCE) are found to have been fired at extremely low temperatures—as low as 200–300 °C in many instances. These results provide critical new data for understanding the metallurgical technology of ancient China.
format	article
author	Bichen Yan Siran Liu Matthew L. Chastain Shugang Yang Jianli Chen
author_facet	Bichen Yan Siran Liu Matthew L. Chastain Shugang Yang Jianli Chen
author_sort	Bichen Yan
title	A new FTIR method for estimating the firing temperature of ceramic bronze-casting moulds from early China
title_short	A new FTIR method for estimating the firing temperature of ceramic bronze-casting moulds from early China
title_full	A new FTIR method for estimating the firing temperature of ceramic bronze-casting moulds from early China
title_fullStr	A new FTIR method for estimating the firing temperature of ceramic bronze-casting moulds from early China
title_full_unstemmed	A new FTIR method for estimating the firing temperature of ceramic bronze-casting moulds from early China
title_sort	new ftir method for estimating the firing temperature of ceramic bronze-casting moulds from early china
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/1c88c879a85a48ef9184c27435cd29bd
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A new FTIR method for estimating the firing temperature of ceramic bronze-casting moulds from early China

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