Humoral Immunity to Hantavirus Infection

ABSTRACT Hantaviruses are zoonotic pathogens found in parts of Europe, Asia, South America, and North America, which can cause renal and respiratory failure with fatality rates up to 40%. There are currently no FDA-approved vaccines or therapeutics for hantavirus-related diseases; however, it is evi...

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Autores principales:	Taylor B. Engdahl, James E. Crowe
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2020
Materias:	B cell responses antibody function bunyavirus hantavirus neutralizing antibodies Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1c96087fcb104d298c62a598f9cd5d3b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1c96087fcb104d298c62a598f9cd5d3b2021-11-15T15:30:52ZHumoral Immunity to Hantavirus Infection10.1128/mSphere.00482-202379-5042https://doaj.org/article/1c96087fcb104d298c62a598f9cd5d3b2020-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSphere.00482-20https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5042ABSTRACT Hantaviruses are zoonotic pathogens found in parts of Europe, Asia, South America, and North America, which can cause renal and respiratory failure with fatality rates up to 40%. There are currently no FDA-approved vaccines or therapeutics for hantavirus-related diseases; however, it is evident that a robust neutralizing antibody response is critical for protection from severe disease. Although virologists first described this family of viruses in the 1950s, there is limited information on the neutralizing epitopes that exist on the hantavirus antigenic glycoproteins, Gn and Gc, and sites important for the design of effective therapeutics and vaccines. We provide a thorough summary of the hantavirus field from an immunological perspective. In particular, we discuss our current structural knowledge of antigenic proteins Gn and Gc, identification of B cell neutralizing epitopes, previously isolated monoclonal antibodies and their cross-reactivity between different hantavirus strains, and current developments toward vaccines and therapeutics. We conclude with some outstanding questions in the field and emphasize the need for additional studies of the human antibody response to hantavirus infection. IMPORTANCE Hantaviruses are pathogens that sometimes pass from animals to humans, and they are found in parts of Europe, Asia, and North and South America. When human infection occurs, these viruses can cause kidney or lung failure, and as many as 40% of infected people die. Currently, there are no vaccines or therapeutics for hantavirus-related diseases available. A first step in developing prevention measures is determining what type of immune response is protective. Increasingly it has become clear that the induction of a type of response called a neutralizing antibody response is critical for protection from severe disease. Although virologists first described this family of viruses in the 1950s, there is limited information on what features on the surface of hantaviruses are recognized by the immune system. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of this information, which is critical for the design of effective therapeutics and vaccines.Taylor B. EngdahlJames E. CroweAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleB cell responsesantibody functionbunyavirushantavirusneutralizing antibodiesMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSphere, Vol 5, Iss 4 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	B cell responses antibody function bunyavirus hantavirus neutralizing antibodies Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	B cell responses antibody function bunyavirus hantavirus neutralizing antibodies Microbiology QR1-502 Taylor B. Engdahl James E. Crowe Humoral Immunity to Hantavirus Infection
description	ABSTRACT Hantaviruses are zoonotic pathogens found in parts of Europe, Asia, South America, and North America, which can cause renal and respiratory failure with fatality rates up to 40%. There are currently no FDA-approved vaccines or therapeutics for hantavirus-related diseases; however, it is evident that a robust neutralizing antibody response is critical for protection from severe disease. Although virologists first described this family of viruses in the 1950s, there is limited information on the neutralizing epitopes that exist on the hantavirus antigenic glycoproteins, Gn and Gc, and sites important for the design of effective therapeutics and vaccines. We provide a thorough summary of the hantavirus field from an immunological perspective. In particular, we discuss our current structural knowledge of antigenic proteins Gn and Gc, identification of B cell neutralizing epitopes, previously isolated monoclonal antibodies and their cross-reactivity between different hantavirus strains, and current developments toward vaccines and therapeutics. We conclude with some outstanding questions in the field and emphasize the need for additional studies of the human antibody response to hantavirus infection. IMPORTANCE Hantaviruses are pathogens that sometimes pass from animals to humans, and they are found in parts of Europe, Asia, and North and South America. When human infection occurs, these viruses can cause kidney or lung failure, and as many as 40% of infected people die. Currently, there are no vaccines or therapeutics for hantavirus-related diseases available. A first step in developing prevention measures is determining what type of immune response is protective. Increasingly it has become clear that the induction of a type of response called a neutralizing antibody response is critical for protection from severe disease. Although virologists first described this family of viruses in the 1950s, there is limited information on what features on the surface of hantaviruses are recognized by the immune system. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of this information, which is critical for the design of effective therapeutics and vaccines.
format	article
author	Taylor B. Engdahl James E. Crowe
author_facet	Taylor B. Engdahl James E. Crowe
author_sort	Taylor B. Engdahl
title	Humoral Immunity to Hantavirus Infection
title_short	Humoral Immunity to Hantavirus Infection
title_full	Humoral Immunity to Hantavirus Infection
title_fullStr	Humoral Immunity to Hantavirus Infection
title_full_unstemmed	Humoral Immunity to Hantavirus Infection
title_sort	humoral immunity to hantavirus infection
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/1c96087fcb104d298c62a598f9cd5d3b
work_keys_str_mv	AT taylorbengdahl humoralimmunitytohantavirusinfection AT jamesecrowe humoralimmunitytohantavirusinfection
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Humoral Immunity to Hantavirus Infection

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