Carnitine and COVID-19 Susceptibility and Severity: A Mendelian Randomization Study

Background: Carnitine, a potential substitute or supplementation for dexamethasone, might protect against COVID-19 based on its molecular functions. However, the correlation between carnitine and COVID-19 has not been explored yet, and whether there exists causation is unknown.Methods: A two-sample...

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Autores principales:	Chunyu Li, Ruwei Ou, Qianqian Wei, Huifang Shang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	carnitine COVID-19 protective Mendelian randomization (MR) causation Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1ca5f4176a5c49168198732919e6c3bf
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1ca5f4176a5c49168198732919e6c3bf2021-12-01T02:39:35ZCarnitine and COVID-19 Susceptibility and Severity: A Mendelian Randomization Study2296-861X10.3389/fnut.2021.780205https://doaj.org/article/1ca5f4176a5c49168198732919e6c3bf2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2021.780205/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-861XBackground: Carnitine, a potential substitute or supplementation for dexamethasone, might protect against COVID-19 based on its molecular functions. However, the correlation between carnitine and COVID-19 has not been explored yet, and whether there exists causation is unknown.Methods: A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted to explore the causal relationship between carnitine level and COVID-19. Significant single nucleotide polymorphisms from genome-wide association study on carnitine (N = 7,824) were utilized as exposure instruments, and summary statistics of the susceptibility (N = 1,467,264), severity (N = 714,592) and hospitalization (N = 1,887,658) of COVID-19 were utilized as the outcome. The causal relationship was evaluated by multiplicative random effects inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, and further verified by another three MR methods including MR Egger, weighted median, and weighted mode, as well as extensive sensitivity analyses.Results: Genetically determined one standard deviation increase in carnitine amount was associated with lower susceptibility (OR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.19–0.74, P: 4.77E−03) of COVID-19. Carnitine amount was also associated with lower severity and hospitalization of COVID-19 using another three MR methods, though the association was not significant using the IVW method but showed the same direction of effect. The results were robust under all sensitivity analyses.Conclusions: A genetic predisposition to high carnitine levels might reduce the susceptibility and severity of COVID-19. These results provide better understandings on the role of carnitine in the COVID-19 pathogenesis, and facilitate novel therapeutic targets for COVID-19 in future clinical trials.Chunyu LiRuwei OuQianqian WeiHuifang ShangFrontiers Media S.A.articlecarnitineCOVID-19protectiveMendelian randomization (MR)causationNutrition. Foods and food supplyTX341-641ENFrontiers in Nutrition, Vol 8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	carnitine COVID-19 protective Mendelian randomization (MR) causation Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641
spellingShingle	carnitine COVID-19 protective Mendelian randomization (MR) causation Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641 Chunyu Li Ruwei Ou Qianqian Wei Huifang Shang Carnitine and COVID-19 Susceptibility and Severity: A Mendelian Randomization Study
description	Background: Carnitine, a potential substitute or supplementation for dexamethasone, might protect against COVID-19 based on its molecular functions. However, the correlation between carnitine and COVID-19 has not been explored yet, and whether there exists causation is unknown.Methods: A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted to explore the causal relationship between carnitine level and COVID-19. Significant single nucleotide polymorphisms from genome-wide association study on carnitine (N = 7,824) were utilized as exposure instruments, and summary statistics of the susceptibility (N = 1,467,264), severity (N = 714,592) and hospitalization (N = 1,887,658) of COVID-19 were utilized as the outcome. The causal relationship was evaluated by multiplicative random effects inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, and further verified by another three MR methods including MR Egger, weighted median, and weighted mode, as well as extensive sensitivity analyses.Results: Genetically determined one standard deviation increase in carnitine amount was associated with lower susceptibility (OR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.19–0.74, P: 4.77E−03) of COVID-19. Carnitine amount was also associated with lower severity and hospitalization of COVID-19 using another three MR methods, though the association was not significant using the IVW method but showed the same direction of effect. The results were robust under all sensitivity analyses.Conclusions: A genetic predisposition to high carnitine levels might reduce the susceptibility and severity of COVID-19. These results provide better understandings on the role of carnitine in the COVID-19 pathogenesis, and facilitate novel therapeutic targets for COVID-19 in future clinical trials.
format	article
author	Chunyu Li Ruwei Ou Qianqian Wei Huifang Shang
author_facet	Chunyu Li Ruwei Ou Qianqian Wei Huifang Shang
author_sort	Chunyu Li
title	Carnitine and COVID-19 Susceptibility and Severity: A Mendelian Randomization Study
title_short	Carnitine and COVID-19 Susceptibility and Severity: A Mendelian Randomization Study
title_full	Carnitine and COVID-19 Susceptibility and Severity: A Mendelian Randomization Study
title_fullStr	Carnitine and COVID-19 Susceptibility and Severity: A Mendelian Randomization Study
title_full_unstemmed	Carnitine and COVID-19 Susceptibility and Severity: A Mendelian Randomization Study
title_sort	carnitine and covid-19 susceptibility and severity: a mendelian randomization study
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/1ca5f4176a5c49168198732919e6c3bf
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Carnitine and COVID-19 Susceptibility and Severity: A Mendelian Randomization Study

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