Acute effect of high-definition and conventional tDCS on exercise performance and psychophysiological responses in endurance athletes: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been used aiming to boost exercise performance and inconsistent findings have been reported. One possible explanation is related to the limitations of the so-called “conventional” tDCS, which uses large rectangular electrodes, resulting in...

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Autores principales:	Daniel Gomes da Silva Machado, Marom Bikson, Abhishek Datta, Egas Caparelli-Dáquer, Gozde Unal, Abrahão F. Baptista, Edilson Serpeloni Cyrino, Li Min Li, Edgard Morya, Alexandre Moreira, Alexandre Hideki Okano
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1cc75fcf5a4d41d2a7d9855e753de2d4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1cc75fcf5a4d41d2a7d9855e753de2d42021-12-02T15:23:07ZAcute effect of high-definition and conventional tDCS on exercise performance and psychophysiological responses in endurance athletes: a randomized controlled trial10.1038/s41598-021-92670-62045-2322https://doaj.org/article/1cc75fcf5a4d41d2a7d9855e753de2d42021-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92670-6https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been used aiming to boost exercise performance and inconsistent findings have been reported. One possible explanation is related to the limitations of the so-called “conventional” tDCS, which uses large rectangular electrodes, resulting in a diffuse electric field. A new tDCS technique called high-definition tDCS (HD-tDCS) has been recently developed. HD-tDCS uses small ring electrodes and produces improved focality and greater magnitude of its aftereffects. This study tested whether HD-tDCS would improve exercise performance to a greater extent than conventional tDCS. Twelve endurance athletes (29.4 ± 7.3 years; 60.15 ± 5.09 ml kg−1 min−1) were enrolled in this single-center, randomized, crossover, and sham-controlled trial. To test reliability, participants performed two time to exhaustion (TTE) tests (control conditions) on a cycle simulator with 80% of peak power until volitional exhaustion. Next, they randomly received HD-tDCS (2.4 mA), conventional (2.0 mA), or active sham tDCS (2.0 mA) over the motor cortex for 20-min before performing the TTE test. TTE, heart rate (HR), associative thoughts, peripheral (lower limbs), and whole-body ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded every minute. Outcome measures were reliable. There was no difference in TTE between HD-tDCS (853.1 ± 288.6 s), simulated conventional (827.8 ± 278.7 s), sham (794.3 ± 271.2 s), or control conditions (TTE1 = 751.1 ± 261.6 s or TTE2 = 770.8 ± 250.6 s) [F(1.95; 21.4) = 1.537; P = 0.24; η2p = 0.123]. There was no effect on peripheral or whole-body RPE and associative thoughts (P > 0.05). No serious adverse effect was reported. A single session of neither HD-tDCS nor conventional tDCS changed exercise performance and psychophysiological responses in athletes, suggesting that a ceiling effect may exist.Daniel Gomes da Silva MachadoMarom BiksonAbhishek DattaEgas Caparelli-DáquerGozde UnalAbrahão F. BaptistaEdilson Serpeloni CyrinoLi Min LiEdgard MoryaAlexandre MoreiraAlexandre Hideki OkanoNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Daniel Gomes da Silva Machado Marom Bikson Abhishek Datta Egas Caparelli-Dáquer Gozde Unal Abrahão F. Baptista Edilson Serpeloni Cyrino Li Min Li Edgard Morya Alexandre Moreira Alexandre Hideki Okano Acute effect of high-definition and conventional tDCS on exercise performance and psychophysiological responses in endurance athletes: a randomized controlled trial
description	Abstract Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been used aiming to boost exercise performance and inconsistent findings have been reported. One possible explanation is related to the limitations of the so-called “conventional” tDCS, which uses large rectangular electrodes, resulting in a diffuse electric field. A new tDCS technique called high-definition tDCS (HD-tDCS) has been recently developed. HD-tDCS uses small ring electrodes and produces improved focality and greater magnitude of its aftereffects. This study tested whether HD-tDCS would improve exercise performance to a greater extent than conventional tDCS. Twelve endurance athletes (29.4 ± 7.3 years; 60.15 ± 5.09 ml kg−1 min−1) were enrolled in this single-center, randomized, crossover, and sham-controlled trial. To test reliability, participants performed two time to exhaustion (TTE) tests (control conditions) on a cycle simulator with 80% of peak power until volitional exhaustion. Next, they randomly received HD-tDCS (2.4 mA), conventional (2.0 mA), or active sham tDCS (2.0 mA) over the motor cortex for 20-min before performing the TTE test. TTE, heart rate (HR), associative thoughts, peripheral (lower limbs), and whole-body ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded every minute. Outcome measures were reliable. There was no difference in TTE between HD-tDCS (853.1 ± 288.6 s), simulated conventional (827.8 ± 278.7 s), sham (794.3 ± 271.2 s), or control conditions (TTE1 = 751.1 ± 261.6 s or TTE2 = 770.8 ± 250.6 s) [F(1.95; 21.4) = 1.537; P = 0.24; η2p = 0.123]. There was no effect on peripheral or whole-body RPE and associative thoughts (P > 0.05). No serious adverse effect was reported. A single session of neither HD-tDCS nor conventional tDCS changed exercise performance and psychophysiological responses in athletes, suggesting that a ceiling effect may exist.
format	article
author	Daniel Gomes da Silva Machado Marom Bikson Abhishek Datta Egas Caparelli-Dáquer Gozde Unal Abrahão F. Baptista Edilson Serpeloni Cyrino Li Min Li Edgard Morya Alexandre Moreira Alexandre Hideki Okano
author_facet	Daniel Gomes da Silva Machado Marom Bikson Abhishek Datta Egas Caparelli-Dáquer Gozde Unal Abrahão F. Baptista Edilson Serpeloni Cyrino Li Min Li Edgard Morya Alexandre Moreira Alexandre Hideki Okano
author_sort	Daniel Gomes da Silva Machado
title	Acute effect of high-definition and conventional tDCS on exercise performance and psychophysiological responses in endurance athletes: a randomized controlled trial
title_short	Acute effect of high-definition and conventional tDCS on exercise performance and psychophysiological responses in endurance athletes: a randomized controlled trial
title_full	Acute effect of high-definition and conventional tDCS on exercise performance and psychophysiological responses in endurance athletes: a randomized controlled trial
title_fullStr	Acute effect of high-definition and conventional tDCS on exercise performance and psychophysiological responses in endurance athletes: a randomized controlled trial
title_full_unstemmed	Acute effect of high-definition and conventional tDCS on exercise performance and psychophysiological responses in endurance athletes: a randomized controlled trial
title_sort	acute effect of high-definition and conventional tdcs on exercise performance and psychophysiological responses in endurance athletes: a randomized controlled trial
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/1cc75fcf5a4d41d2a7d9855e753de2d4
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Acute effect of high-definition and conventional tDCS on exercise performance and psychophysiological responses in endurance athletes: a randomized controlled trial

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