Do Growth-Limiting Temperatures at the High-Elevation Treeline Require an Adaptation of Phloem Formation and Anatomy?

Low temperatures during the growing season restrict the growth of trees at high elevations and lead to the formation of the high-elevation treeline. To ensure the survival and growth of trees in such extreme locations, sufficient vascular transport capacity – enabled by vascular anatomical character...

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Autores principales:	Dennis Marko Schröter, Walter Oberhuber
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	adaptation intra-annual phloem formation low temperature phloem anatomy phloem transport phenology Forestry SD1-669.5 Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1cd767221b3b4a09892322dfdc472be8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1cd767221b3b4a09892322dfdc472be82021-11-04T09:12:23ZDo Growth-Limiting Temperatures at the High-Elevation Treeline Require an Adaptation of Phloem Formation and Anatomy?2624-893X10.3389/ffgc.2021.731903https://doaj.org/article/1cd767221b3b4a09892322dfdc472be82021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2021.731903/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2624-893XLow temperatures during the growing season restrict the growth of trees at high elevations and lead to the formation of the high-elevation treeline. To ensure the survival and growth of trees in such extreme locations, sufficient vascular transport capacity – enabled by vascular anatomical characteristics – is required. However, in contrast to the xylem, only little is known about the effects of low temperatures on the anatomy and formation of the phloem as important nutrient- and signal-conducting tissue. In this review, known findings of cold-induced changes in the anatomical and phenological properties of vascular tissues are used as starting points to discuss how low temperatures might affect phloem formation at the treeline and how this conductive tissue might adaptively respond to this growth-limiting environmental variable. Data currently available suggest that low temperatures lead to changes in the anatomy and phenological development of the phloem. In order to ensure the functionality of the phloem and thus the survival of trees at the high-elevation treeline, appropriate adaptations to the prevailing low temperatures are therefore to be expected and are discussed in this review.Dennis Marko SchröterWalter OberhuberFrontiers Media S.A.articleadaptationintra-annual phloem formationlow temperaturephloem anatomyphloem transportphenologyForestrySD1-669.5Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENFrontiers in Forests and Global Change, Vol 4 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	adaptation intra-annual phloem formation low temperature phloem anatomy phloem transport phenology Forestry SD1-669.5 Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	adaptation intra-annual phloem formation low temperature phloem anatomy phloem transport phenology Forestry SD1-669.5 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Dennis Marko Schröter Walter Oberhuber Do Growth-Limiting Temperatures at the High-Elevation Treeline Require an Adaptation of Phloem Formation and Anatomy?
description	Low temperatures during the growing season restrict the growth of trees at high elevations and lead to the formation of the high-elevation treeline. To ensure the survival and growth of trees in such extreme locations, sufficient vascular transport capacity – enabled by vascular anatomical characteristics – is required. However, in contrast to the xylem, only little is known about the effects of low temperatures on the anatomy and formation of the phloem as important nutrient- and signal-conducting tissue. In this review, known findings of cold-induced changes in the anatomical and phenological properties of vascular tissues are used as starting points to discuss how low temperatures might affect phloem formation at the treeline and how this conductive tissue might adaptively respond to this growth-limiting environmental variable. Data currently available suggest that low temperatures lead to changes in the anatomy and phenological development of the phloem. In order to ensure the functionality of the phloem and thus the survival of trees at the high-elevation treeline, appropriate adaptations to the prevailing low temperatures are therefore to be expected and are discussed in this review.
format	article
author	Dennis Marko Schröter Walter Oberhuber
author_facet	Dennis Marko Schröter Walter Oberhuber
author_sort	Dennis Marko Schröter
title	Do Growth-Limiting Temperatures at the High-Elevation Treeline Require an Adaptation of Phloem Formation and Anatomy?
title_short	Do Growth-Limiting Temperatures at the High-Elevation Treeline Require an Adaptation of Phloem Formation and Anatomy?
title_full	Do Growth-Limiting Temperatures at the High-Elevation Treeline Require an Adaptation of Phloem Formation and Anatomy?
title_fullStr	Do Growth-Limiting Temperatures at the High-Elevation Treeline Require an Adaptation of Phloem Formation and Anatomy?
title_full_unstemmed	Do Growth-Limiting Temperatures at the High-Elevation Treeline Require an Adaptation of Phloem Formation and Anatomy?
title_sort	do growth-limiting temperatures at the high-elevation treeline require an adaptation of phloem formation and anatomy?
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/1cd767221b3b4a09892322dfdc472be8
work_keys_str_mv	AT dennismarkoschroter dogrowthlimitingtemperaturesatthehighelevationtreelinerequireanadaptationofphloemformationandanatomy AT walteroberhuber dogrowthlimitingtemperaturesatthehighelevationtreelinerequireanadaptationofphloemformationandanatomy
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Do Growth-Limiting Temperatures at the High-Elevation Treeline Require an Adaptation of Phloem Formation and Anatomy?

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