Why heel spurs are traction spurs after all

Abstract It is unclear whether plantar and posterior heel spurs are truly pathological findings and whether they are stimulated by traction or compression forces. Previous histological investigations focused on either one of the two spur locations, thereby potentially overlooking common features tha...

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Autores principales:	Johann Zwirner, Aqeeda Singh, Francesca Templer, Benjamin Ondruschka, Niels Hammer
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1ce5974386b24a05b7ff12804601cd06
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1ce5974386b24a05b7ff12804601cd062021-12-02T18:02:55ZWhy heel spurs are traction spurs after all10.1038/s41598-021-92664-42045-2322https://doaj.org/article/1ce5974386b24a05b7ff12804601cd062021-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92664-4https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract It is unclear whether plantar and posterior heel spurs are truly pathological findings and whether they are stimulated by traction or compression forces. Previous histological investigations focused on either one of the two spur locations, thereby potentially overlooking common features that refer to a uniform developmental mechanism. In this study, 19 feet from 16 cadavers were X-ray scanned to preselect calcanei with either plantar or posterior spurs. Subsequently, seven plantar and posterior spurs were histologically assessed. Five spur-free Achilles tendon and three plantar fascia entheses served as controls. Plantar spurs were located either intra- or supra-fascial whereas all Achilles spurs were intra-fascial. Both spur types consistently presented a trabecular architecture without a particular pattern, fibrocartilage at the tendinous entheses and the orientation of the spur tips was in line with the course of the attached soft tissues. Spurs of both entities revealed tapered areas close to their bases with bulky tips. Achilles and plantar heel spurs seem to be non-pathological calcaneal exostoses, which are likely results of traction forces. Both spur types revealed commonalities such as their trabecular architecture or the tip direction in relation to the attached soft tissues. Morphologically, heel spurs seem poorly adapted to compressive loads.Johann ZwirnerAqeeda SinghFrancesca TemplerBenjamin OndruschkaNiels HammerNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Johann Zwirner Aqeeda Singh Francesca Templer Benjamin Ondruschka Niels Hammer Why heel spurs are traction spurs after all
description	Abstract It is unclear whether plantar and posterior heel spurs are truly pathological findings and whether they are stimulated by traction or compression forces. Previous histological investigations focused on either one of the two spur locations, thereby potentially overlooking common features that refer to a uniform developmental mechanism. In this study, 19 feet from 16 cadavers were X-ray scanned to preselect calcanei with either plantar or posterior spurs. Subsequently, seven plantar and posterior spurs were histologically assessed. Five spur-free Achilles tendon and three plantar fascia entheses served as controls. Plantar spurs were located either intra- or supra-fascial whereas all Achilles spurs were intra-fascial. Both spur types consistently presented a trabecular architecture without a particular pattern, fibrocartilage at the tendinous entheses and the orientation of the spur tips was in line with the course of the attached soft tissues. Spurs of both entities revealed tapered areas close to their bases with bulky tips. Achilles and plantar heel spurs seem to be non-pathological calcaneal exostoses, which are likely results of traction forces. Both spur types revealed commonalities such as their trabecular architecture or the tip direction in relation to the attached soft tissues. Morphologically, heel spurs seem poorly adapted to compressive loads.
format	article
author	Johann Zwirner Aqeeda Singh Francesca Templer Benjamin Ondruschka Niels Hammer
author_facet	Johann Zwirner Aqeeda Singh Francesca Templer Benjamin Ondruschka Niels Hammer
author_sort	Johann Zwirner
title	Why heel spurs are traction spurs after all
title_short	Why heel spurs are traction spurs after all
title_full	Why heel spurs are traction spurs after all
title_fullStr	Why heel spurs are traction spurs after all
title_full_unstemmed	Why heel spurs are traction spurs after all
title_sort	why heel spurs are traction spurs after all
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/1ce5974386b24a05b7ff12804601cd06
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Why heel spurs are traction spurs after all

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