An Integer Non-Cooperative Game Approach for the Transactive Control of Thermal Appliances in Energy Communities

Non-cooperative scheduling games can be used to coordinate residential loads in order to achieve a common goal while accounting for individual consumer’s interests, privacy, and autonomy. However, a significant portion of the residential flexibility—Thermostatically Controlled Loads (TCLs) such as w...

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Autores principales:	Luciana Marques, Wadaed Uturbey, Miguel Heleno
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	energy communities load scheduling non-cooperative games thermostatically controlled loads transactive control Technology T
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1cfd37898da54b4cad41f879d580b8d6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1cfd37898da54b4cad41f879d580b8d62021-11-11T15:47:31ZAn Integer Non-Cooperative Game Approach for the Transactive Control of Thermal Appliances in Energy Communities10.3390/en142169711996-1073https://doaj.org/article/1cfd37898da54b4cad41f879d580b8d62021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/21/6971https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1073Non-cooperative scheduling games can be used to coordinate residential loads in order to achieve a common goal while accounting for individual consumer’s interests, privacy, and autonomy. However, a significant portion of the residential flexibility—Thermostatically Controlled Loads (TCLs) such as water and space heating/cooling appliances—has not been fully addressed under this game theoretic approach: their comfort constraints and integer control were not considered. This paper presents a method for properly including TCLs in this framework and discusses its application in energy communities. Specifically, we propose a general mathematical formulation for considering users’ comfort in non-cooperative games. We model the integer nature of the TCLs control with binary variables and show that optimal or close to optimal (less than 1%) solutions are reached. Moreover, different total cost functions can be used depending on the market context and the objective of the demand management program. To illustrate and discuss these aspects in practical applications, we used a case study of an energy community in Spain. The results show that the TC solutions are optimal or only 0.80% worse than optimal; different total cost functions result in different results (load curve smoothing or peak load reduction); consumers’ comfort is respected; and the proposed game model cooperates with consumers in order to minimize community’s costs.Luciana MarquesWadaed UturbeyMiguel HelenoMDPI AGarticleenergy communitiesload schedulingnon-cooperative gamesthermostatically controlled loadstransactive controlTechnologyTENEnergies, Vol 14, Iss 6971, p 6971 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	energy communities load scheduling non-cooperative games thermostatically controlled loads transactive control Technology T
spellingShingle	energy communities load scheduling non-cooperative games thermostatically controlled loads transactive control Technology T Luciana Marques Wadaed Uturbey Miguel Heleno An Integer Non-Cooperative Game Approach for the Transactive Control of Thermal Appliances in Energy Communities
description	Non-cooperative scheduling games can be used to coordinate residential loads in order to achieve a common goal while accounting for individual consumer’s interests, privacy, and autonomy. However, a significant portion of the residential flexibility—Thermostatically Controlled Loads (TCLs) such as water and space heating/cooling appliances—has not been fully addressed under this game theoretic approach: their comfort constraints and integer control were not considered. This paper presents a method for properly including TCLs in this framework and discusses its application in energy communities. Specifically, we propose a general mathematical formulation for considering users’ comfort in non-cooperative games. We model the integer nature of the TCLs control with binary variables and show that optimal or close to optimal (less than 1%) solutions are reached. Moreover, different total cost functions can be used depending on the market context and the objective of the demand management program. To illustrate and discuss these aspects in practical applications, we used a case study of an energy community in Spain. The results show that the TC solutions are optimal or only 0.80% worse than optimal; different total cost functions result in different results (load curve smoothing or peak load reduction); consumers’ comfort is respected; and the proposed game model cooperates with consumers in order to minimize community’s costs.
format	article
author	Luciana Marques Wadaed Uturbey Miguel Heleno
author_facet	Luciana Marques Wadaed Uturbey Miguel Heleno
author_sort	Luciana Marques
title	An Integer Non-Cooperative Game Approach for the Transactive Control of Thermal Appliances in Energy Communities
title_short	An Integer Non-Cooperative Game Approach for the Transactive Control of Thermal Appliances in Energy Communities
title_full	An Integer Non-Cooperative Game Approach for the Transactive Control of Thermal Appliances in Energy Communities
title_fullStr	An Integer Non-Cooperative Game Approach for the Transactive Control of Thermal Appliances in Energy Communities
title_full_unstemmed	An Integer Non-Cooperative Game Approach for the Transactive Control of Thermal Appliances in Energy Communities
title_sort	integer non-cooperative game approach for the transactive control of thermal appliances in energy communities
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/1cfd37898da54b4cad41f879d580b8d6
work_keys_str_mv	AT lucianamarques anintegernoncooperativegameapproachforthetransactivecontrolofthermalappliancesinenergycommunities AT wadaeduturbey anintegernoncooperativegameapproachforthetransactivecontrolofthermalappliancesinenergycommunities AT miguelheleno anintegernoncooperativegameapproachforthetransactivecontrolofthermalappliancesinenergycommunities AT lucianamarques integernoncooperativegameapproachforthetransactivecontrolofthermalappliancesinenergycommunities AT wadaeduturbey integernoncooperativegameapproachforthetransactivecontrolofthermalappliancesinenergycommunities AT miguelheleno integernoncooperativegameapproachforthetransactivecontrolofthermalappliancesinenergycommunities
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An Integer Non-Cooperative Game Approach for the Transactive Control of Thermal Appliances in Energy Communities

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