Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses and Xenotransplantation, 2021

Porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) are integrated in the genome of all pigs, and some of them are able to infect human cells. Therefore, PERVs pose a risk for xenotransplantation, the transplantation of pig cells, tissues, or organ to humans in order to alleviate the shortage of human donor org...

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Autor principal:	Joachim Denner
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	porcine endogenous retroviruses gammaretroviruses xenotransplantation virus safety Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1d0a2e1ccb91499a87e50875a746fe4d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1d0a2e1ccb91499a87e50875a746fe4d2021-11-25T19:12:52ZPorcine Endogenous Retroviruses and Xenotransplantation, 202110.3390/v131121561999-4915https://doaj.org/article/1d0a2e1ccb91499a87e50875a746fe4d2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/11/2156https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915Porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) are integrated in the genome of all pigs, and some of them are able to infect human cells. Therefore, PERVs pose a risk for xenotransplantation, the transplantation of pig cells, tissues, or organ to humans in order to alleviate the shortage of human donor organs. Up to 2021, a huge body of knowledge about PERVs has been accumulated regarding their biology, including replication, recombination, origin, host range, and immunosuppressive properties. Until now, no PERV transmission has been observed in clinical trials transplanting pig islet cells into diabetic humans, in preclinical trials transplanting pig cells and organs into nonhuman primates with remarkable long survival times of the transplant, and in infection experiments with several animal species. Nevertheless, in order to prevent virus transmission to the recipient, numerous strategies have been developed, including selection of PERV-C-free animals, RNA interference, antiviral drugs, vaccination, and genome editing. Furthermore, at present there are no more experimental approaches to evaluate the full risk until we move to the clinic.Joachim DennerMDPI AGarticleporcine endogenous retrovirusesgammaretrovirusesxenotransplantationvirus safetyMicrobiologyQR1-502ENViruses, Vol 13, Iss 2156, p 2156 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	porcine endogenous retroviruses gammaretroviruses xenotransplantation virus safety Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	porcine endogenous retroviruses gammaretroviruses xenotransplantation virus safety Microbiology QR1-502 Joachim Denner Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses and Xenotransplantation, 2021
description	Porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) are integrated in the genome of all pigs, and some of them are able to infect human cells. Therefore, PERVs pose a risk for xenotransplantation, the transplantation of pig cells, tissues, or organ to humans in order to alleviate the shortage of human donor organs. Up to 2021, a huge body of knowledge about PERVs has been accumulated regarding their biology, including replication, recombination, origin, host range, and immunosuppressive properties. Until now, no PERV transmission has been observed in clinical trials transplanting pig islet cells into diabetic humans, in preclinical trials transplanting pig cells and organs into nonhuman primates with remarkable long survival times of the transplant, and in infection experiments with several animal species. Nevertheless, in order to prevent virus transmission to the recipient, numerous strategies have been developed, including selection of PERV-C-free animals, RNA interference, antiviral drugs, vaccination, and genome editing. Furthermore, at present there are no more experimental approaches to evaluate the full risk until we move to the clinic.
format	article
author	Joachim Denner
author_facet	Joachim Denner
author_sort	Joachim Denner
title	Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses and Xenotransplantation, 2021
title_short	Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses and Xenotransplantation, 2021
title_full	Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses and Xenotransplantation, 2021
title_fullStr	Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses and Xenotransplantation, 2021
title_full_unstemmed	Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses and Xenotransplantation, 2021
title_sort	porcine endogenous retroviruses and xenotransplantation, 2021
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/1d0a2e1ccb91499a87e50875a746fe4d
work_keys_str_mv	AT joachimdenner porcineendogenousretrovirusesandxenotransplantation2021
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Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses and Xenotransplantation, 2021

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