Facial expressions of Asian people exposed to constructed urban forests: Accuracy validation and variation assessment.

An outcome of building sustainable urban forests is that people's well-being is improved when they are exposed to trees. Facial expressions directly represents one's inner emotions, and can be used to assess real-time perception. The emergence and change in the facial expressions of forest...

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Autores principales:	Haoming Guan, Hongxu Wei, Richard J Hauer, Ping Liu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1d0c0e445c9c4027b4347149feb98f44
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1d0c0e445c9c4027b4347149feb98f442021-12-02T20:10:28ZFacial expressions of Asian people exposed to constructed urban forests: Accuracy validation and variation assessment.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0253141https://doaj.org/article/1d0c0e445c9c4027b4347149feb98f442021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253141https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203An outcome of building sustainable urban forests is that people's well-being is improved when they are exposed to trees. Facial expressions directly represents one's inner emotions, and can be used to assess real-time perception. The emergence and change in the facial expressions of forest visitors are an implicit process. As such, the reserved character of Asians requires an instrument rating to accurately recognize expressions. In this study, a dataset was established with 2,886 randomly photographed faces from visitors at a constructed urban forest park and at a promenade during summertime in Shenyang City, Northeast China. Six experts were invited to choose 160 photos in total with 20 images representing one of eight typical expressions: angry, contempt, disgusted, happy, neutral, sad, scared, and surprised. The FireFACE ver. 3.0 software was used to test hit-ratio validation as an accuracy measurement (ac.) to match machine-recognized photos with those identified by experts. According to the Kruskal-Wallis test on the difference from averaged scores in 20 recently published papers, contempt (ac. = 0.40%, P = 0.0038) and scared (ac. = 25.23%, P = 0.0018) expressions do not pass the validation test. Both happy and sad expression scores were higher in forests than in promenades, but there were no difference in net positive response (happy minus sad) between locations. Men had a higher happy score but lower disgusted score in forests than in promenades. Men also had a higher angry score in forests. We conclude that FireFACE can be used for analyzing facial expressions in Asian people within urban forests. Women are encouraged to visit urban forests rather than promenades to elicit more positive emotions.Haoming GuanHongxu WeiRichard J HauerPing LiuPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 6, p e0253141 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Haoming Guan Hongxu Wei Richard J Hauer Ping Liu Facial expressions of Asian people exposed to constructed urban forests: Accuracy validation and variation assessment.
description	An outcome of building sustainable urban forests is that people's well-being is improved when they are exposed to trees. Facial expressions directly represents one's inner emotions, and can be used to assess real-time perception. The emergence and change in the facial expressions of forest visitors are an implicit process. As such, the reserved character of Asians requires an instrument rating to accurately recognize expressions. In this study, a dataset was established with 2,886 randomly photographed faces from visitors at a constructed urban forest park and at a promenade during summertime in Shenyang City, Northeast China. Six experts were invited to choose 160 photos in total with 20 images representing one of eight typical expressions: angry, contempt, disgusted, happy, neutral, sad, scared, and surprised. The FireFACE ver. 3.0 software was used to test hit-ratio validation as an accuracy measurement (ac.) to match machine-recognized photos with those identified by experts. According to the Kruskal-Wallis test on the difference from averaged scores in 20 recently published papers, contempt (ac. = 0.40%, P = 0.0038) and scared (ac. = 25.23%, P = 0.0018) expressions do not pass the validation test. Both happy and sad expression scores were higher in forests than in promenades, but there were no difference in net positive response (happy minus sad) between locations. Men had a higher happy score but lower disgusted score in forests than in promenades. Men also had a higher angry score in forests. We conclude that FireFACE can be used for analyzing facial expressions in Asian people within urban forests. Women are encouraged to visit urban forests rather than promenades to elicit more positive emotions.
format	article
author	Haoming Guan Hongxu Wei Richard J Hauer Ping Liu
author_facet	Haoming Guan Hongxu Wei Richard J Hauer Ping Liu
author_sort	Haoming Guan
title	Facial expressions of Asian people exposed to constructed urban forests: Accuracy validation and variation assessment.
title_short	Facial expressions of Asian people exposed to constructed urban forests: Accuracy validation and variation assessment.
title_full	Facial expressions of Asian people exposed to constructed urban forests: Accuracy validation and variation assessment.
title_fullStr	Facial expressions of Asian people exposed to constructed urban forests: Accuracy validation and variation assessment.
title_full_unstemmed	Facial expressions of Asian people exposed to constructed urban forests: Accuracy validation and variation assessment.
title_sort	facial expressions of asian people exposed to constructed urban forests: accuracy validation and variation assessment.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/1d0c0e445c9c4027b4347149feb98f44
work_keys_str_mv	AT haomingguan facialexpressionsofasianpeopleexposedtoconstructedurbanforestsaccuracyvalidationandvariationassessment AT hongxuwei facialexpressionsofasianpeopleexposedtoconstructedurbanforestsaccuracyvalidationandvariationassessment AT richardjhauer facialexpressionsofasianpeopleexposedtoconstructedurbanforestsaccuracyvalidationandvariationassessment AT pingliu facialexpressionsofasianpeopleexposedtoconstructedurbanforestsaccuracyvalidationandvariationassessment
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Facial expressions of Asian people exposed to constructed urban forests: Accuracy validation and variation assessment.

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