Purinergic Signaling in the Regulation of Gout Flare and Resolution

Gout flares require monosodium urate (MSU) to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome and secrete sufficient IL-1β. However, MSU alone is not sufficient to cause a flare. This is supported by the evidence that most patients with hyperuricemia do not develop gout throughout their lives. Recent studies have s...

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Autores principales:	Xiaoling Li, Jie Gao, Jinhui Tao
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	purinergic signaling gout flare ATP Adenosine P2X7R IL-1β Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1d322c35081f40dc8ff0ac18aea8689f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1d322c35081f40dc8ff0ac18aea8689f2021-12-01T21:53:31ZPurinergic Signaling in the Regulation of Gout Flare and Resolution1664-322410.3389/fimmu.2021.785425https://doaj.org/article/1d322c35081f40dc8ff0ac18aea8689f2021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.785425/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-3224Gout flares require monosodium urate (MSU) to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome and secrete sufficient IL-1β. However, MSU alone is not sufficient to cause a flare. This is supported by the evidence that most patients with hyperuricemia do not develop gout throughout their lives. Recent studies have shown that, besides MSU, various purine metabolites, including adenosine triphosphate, adenosine diphosphate, and adenosine bind to different purine receptors for regulating IL-1β secretion implicated in the pathogenesis of gout flares. Purine metabolites such as adenosine triphosphate mainly activate the NLRP3 inflammasome through P2X ion channel receptors, which stimulates IL-1β secretion and induces gout flares, while some purine metabolites such as adenosine diphosphate and adenosine mainly act on the G protein-coupled receptors exerting pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects to regulate the onset and resolution of a gout flare. Given that the purine signaling pathway exerts different regulatory effects on inflammation and that, during the inflammatory process of a gout flare, an altered expression of purine metabolites and their receptors was observed in response to the changes in the internal environment. Thus, the purine signaling pathway is involved in regulating gout flare and resolution. This study was conducted to review and elucidate the role of various purine metabolites and purinergic receptors during the process.Xiaoling LiJie GaoJinhui TaoFrontiers Media S.A.articlepurinergic signalinggout flareATPAdenosineP2X7RIL-1βImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607ENFrontiers in Immunology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	purinergic signaling gout flare ATP Adenosine P2X7R IL-1β Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607
spellingShingle	purinergic signaling gout flare ATP Adenosine P2X7R IL-1β Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Xiaoling Li Jie Gao Jinhui Tao Purinergic Signaling in the Regulation of Gout Flare and Resolution
description	Gout flares require monosodium urate (MSU) to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome and secrete sufficient IL-1β. However, MSU alone is not sufficient to cause a flare. This is supported by the evidence that most patients with hyperuricemia do not develop gout throughout their lives. Recent studies have shown that, besides MSU, various purine metabolites, including adenosine triphosphate, adenosine diphosphate, and adenosine bind to different purine receptors for regulating IL-1β secretion implicated in the pathogenesis of gout flares. Purine metabolites such as adenosine triphosphate mainly activate the NLRP3 inflammasome through P2X ion channel receptors, which stimulates IL-1β secretion and induces gout flares, while some purine metabolites such as adenosine diphosphate and adenosine mainly act on the G protein-coupled receptors exerting pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects to regulate the onset and resolution of a gout flare. Given that the purine signaling pathway exerts different regulatory effects on inflammation and that, during the inflammatory process of a gout flare, an altered expression of purine metabolites and their receptors was observed in response to the changes in the internal environment. Thus, the purine signaling pathway is involved in regulating gout flare and resolution. This study was conducted to review and elucidate the role of various purine metabolites and purinergic receptors during the process.
format	article
author	Xiaoling Li Jie Gao Jinhui Tao
author_facet	Xiaoling Li Jie Gao Jinhui Tao
author_sort	Xiaoling Li
title	Purinergic Signaling in the Regulation of Gout Flare and Resolution
title_short	Purinergic Signaling in the Regulation of Gout Flare and Resolution
title_full	Purinergic Signaling in the Regulation of Gout Flare and Resolution
title_fullStr	Purinergic Signaling in the Regulation of Gout Flare and Resolution
title_full_unstemmed	Purinergic Signaling in the Regulation of Gout Flare and Resolution
title_sort	purinergic signaling in the regulation of gout flare and resolution
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/1d322c35081f40dc8ff0ac18aea8689f
work_keys_str_mv	AT xiaolingli purinergicsignalingintheregulationofgoutflareandresolution AT jiegao purinergicsignalingintheregulationofgoutflareandresolution AT jinhuitao purinergicsignalingintheregulationofgoutflareandresolution
_version_	1718404149286010880

Purinergic Signaling in the Regulation of Gout Flare and Resolution

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