Sexually Distinct Song Cultures Across a Songbird Metapopulation

Songbirds learn their songs culturally, through imitating tutors. The vocal culture of a songbird population changes as new song units (syllables) are introduced through immigration, copying errors, and innovation, while other syllables fall out of use. This leads to a diversification of the syllabl...

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Autores principales:	Wesley H. Webb, Michelle M. Roper, Matthew D. M. Pawley, Yukio Fukuzawa, Aaron M. T. Harmer, Dianne H. Brunton
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	female song dialects cultural evolution birdsong avian bioacoustics Evolution QH359-425 Ecology QH540-549.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1d4cc75b7abf4171a381896b32137a21
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:1d4cc75b7abf4171a381896b32137a21
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1d4cc75b7abf4171a381896b32137a212021-11-17T07:05:58ZSexually Distinct Song Cultures Across a Songbird Metapopulation2296-701X10.3389/fevo.2021.755633https://doaj.org/article/1d4cc75b7abf4171a381896b32137a212021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2021.755633/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-701XSongbirds learn their songs culturally, through imitating tutors. The vocal culture of a songbird population changes as new song units (syllables) are introduced through immigration, copying errors, and innovation, while other syllables fall out of use. This leads to a diversification of the syllable pool across the species, much like the diversification and spatial patterns of human language. Vocal cultures have been well-studied in male songbirds but have been largely overlooked in females. Here we undertake one of the first comparisons of male and female song cultures across a songbird metapopulation—studying New Zealand bellbirds Anthornis melanura spanning a network of six islands. Having classified 20,700 syllables (702 types), we compare population syllable repertoire sizes and overlap between sites and sexes. We show that males and females—both with complex songs—have distinct song cultures, sharing only 6–26% of syllable types within each site. Furthermore, male and female syllable types can be statistically discriminated based on acoustic properties. Despite diverse syllable repertoires within sites, few syllable types were shared between sites (both sexes had highly distinct site-specific dialects). For the few types shared between sites, sharing decreased with distance only for males. Overall, there was no significant difference between sexes in degree of site–site repertoire overlap. These results suggest different cultural processes at play for the two sexes, underlining the inadequacy of male-centric song research and calling for comparisons of male and female song cultures in many more species.Wesley H. WebbMichelle M. RoperMatthew D. M. PawleyYukio FukuzawaAaron M. T. HarmerDianne H. BruntonFrontiers Media S.A.articlefemale songdialectscultural evolutionbirdsongavianbioacousticsEvolutionQH359-425EcologyQH540-549.5ENFrontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Vol 9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	female song dialects cultural evolution birdsong avian bioacoustics Evolution QH359-425 Ecology QH540-549.5
spellingShingle	female song dialects cultural evolution birdsong avian bioacoustics Evolution QH359-425 Ecology QH540-549.5 Wesley H. Webb Michelle M. Roper Matthew D. M. Pawley Yukio Fukuzawa Aaron M. T. Harmer Dianne H. Brunton Sexually Distinct Song Cultures Across a Songbird Metapopulation
description	Songbirds learn their songs culturally, through imitating tutors. The vocal culture of a songbird population changes as new song units (syllables) are introduced through immigration, copying errors, and innovation, while other syllables fall out of use. This leads to a diversification of the syllable pool across the species, much like the diversification and spatial patterns of human language. Vocal cultures have been well-studied in male songbirds but have been largely overlooked in females. Here we undertake one of the first comparisons of male and female song cultures across a songbird metapopulation—studying New Zealand bellbirds Anthornis melanura spanning a network of six islands. Having classified 20,700 syllables (702 types), we compare population syllable repertoire sizes and overlap between sites and sexes. We show that males and females—both with complex songs—have distinct song cultures, sharing only 6–26% of syllable types within each site. Furthermore, male and female syllable types can be statistically discriminated based on acoustic properties. Despite diverse syllable repertoires within sites, few syllable types were shared between sites (both sexes had highly distinct site-specific dialects). For the few types shared between sites, sharing decreased with distance only for males. Overall, there was no significant difference between sexes in degree of site–site repertoire overlap. These results suggest different cultural processes at play for the two sexes, underlining the inadequacy of male-centric song research and calling for comparisons of male and female song cultures in many more species.
format	article
author	Wesley H. Webb Michelle M. Roper Matthew D. M. Pawley Yukio Fukuzawa Aaron M. T. Harmer Dianne H. Brunton
author_facet	Wesley H. Webb Michelle M. Roper Matthew D. M. Pawley Yukio Fukuzawa Aaron M. T. Harmer Dianne H. Brunton
author_sort	Wesley H. Webb
title	Sexually Distinct Song Cultures Across a Songbird Metapopulation
title_short	Sexually Distinct Song Cultures Across a Songbird Metapopulation
title_full	Sexually Distinct Song Cultures Across a Songbird Metapopulation
title_fullStr	Sexually Distinct Song Cultures Across a Songbird Metapopulation
title_full_unstemmed	Sexually Distinct Song Cultures Across a Songbird Metapopulation
title_sort	sexually distinct song cultures across a songbird metapopulation
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/1d4cc75b7abf4171a381896b32137a21
work_keys_str_mv	AT wesleyhwebb sexuallydistinctsongculturesacrossasongbirdmetapopulation AT michellemroper sexuallydistinctsongculturesacrossasongbirdmetapopulation AT matthewdmpawley sexuallydistinctsongculturesacrossasongbirdmetapopulation AT yukiofukuzawa sexuallydistinctsongculturesacrossasongbirdmetapopulation AT aaronmtharmer sexuallydistinctsongculturesacrossasongbirdmetapopulation AT diannehbrunton sexuallydistinctsongculturesacrossasongbirdmetapopulation
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Sexually Distinct Song Cultures Across a Songbird Metapopulation

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