A Physics Based Unified Circuit Model for Single Photon and Analog Detector

Photodetectors having an internal carrier multiplication mechanism such as avalanche detectors and recently discovered detectors with cycling excitation process (CEP) have attracted tremendous interests for their high sensitivity and flexibility of being operable in analog, sub-Geiger and Geiger mod...

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Autores principales:	Mohammad Abu Raihan Miah, Yunrui Jiang, Yu-Hwa Lo
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	IEEE 2021
Materias:	Active quenching avalanche circuit impact ionization LiDAR model Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1d6efbe0289b4df4b61413b4a601d670
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1d6efbe0289b4df4b61413b4a601d6702021-11-23T00:01:32ZA Physics Based Unified Circuit Model for Single Photon and Analog Detector2169-353610.1109/ACCESS.2021.3113301https://doaj.org/article/1d6efbe0289b4df4b61413b4a601d6702021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9540667/https://doaj.org/toc/2169-3536Photodetectors having an internal carrier multiplication mechanism such as avalanche detectors and recently discovered detectors with cycling excitation process (CEP) have attracted tremendous interests for their high sensitivity and flexibility of being operable in analog, sub-Geiger and Geiger mode. Detection of single or few photons in Geiger mode or sub-Geiger mode is particularly interesting as LiDAR systems are finding a wide range of applications in autonomous driving, augmented and virtual reality, robotics, imaging, sensing, and communications. In this paper, we present a universal detector equivalent circuit model, applicable to all modes of operation, for photodetectors with carrier multiplication gain. The bias-dependent gain, bandwidth, as well as gain buildup dynamics are rooted in device physics and translated into an equivalent circuit model that can be readily incorporated into integrated circuit design. The model simulates the characteristics of devices biased below and above breakdown voltage, making seamless transitions between analog, sub-Geiger, and Geiger mode with the same set of parameters directly obtained from the material properties. As a result, circuit designers can choose detectors using different gain medium (e.g., Si, InP, InAlAs) to simulate device effects on system performance. The circuit model is implemented in Orcad PSpice circuit simulator. Its wide applicability is demonstrated by simulating the device in linear, sub-Geiger and Geiger mode with external amplifiers and quenching circuits, as well as the gain-bandwidth product of detectors with a Si and InAlAs gain medium.Mohammad Abu Raihan MiahYunrui JiangYu-Hwa LoIEEEarticleActive quenchingavalanchecircuitimpact ionizationLiDARmodelElectrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineeringTK1-9971ENIEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 129571-129581 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Active quenching avalanche circuit impact ionization LiDAR model Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971
spellingShingle	Active quenching avalanche circuit impact ionization LiDAR model Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Mohammad Abu Raihan Miah Yunrui Jiang Yu-Hwa Lo A Physics Based Unified Circuit Model for Single Photon and Analog Detector
description	Photodetectors having an internal carrier multiplication mechanism such as avalanche detectors and recently discovered detectors with cycling excitation process (CEP) have attracted tremendous interests for their high sensitivity and flexibility of being operable in analog, sub-Geiger and Geiger mode. Detection of single or few photons in Geiger mode or sub-Geiger mode is particularly interesting as LiDAR systems are finding a wide range of applications in autonomous driving, augmented and virtual reality, robotics, imaging, sensing, and communications. In this paper, we present a universal detector equivalent circuit model, applicable to all modes of operation, for photodetectors with carrier multiplication gain. The bias-dependent gain, bandwidth, as well as gain buildup dynamics are rooted in device physics and translated into an equivalent circuit model that can be readily incorporated into integrated circuit design. The model simulates the characteristics of devices biased below and above breakdown voltage, making seamless transitions between analog, sub-Geiger, and Geiger mode with the same set of parameters directly obtained from the material properties. As a result, circuit designers can choose detectors using different gain medium (e.g., Si, InP, InAlAs) to simulate device effects on system performance. The circuit model is implemented in Orcad PSpice circuit simulator. Its wide applicability is demonstrated by simulating the device in linear, sub-Geiger and Geiger mode with external amplifiers and quenching circuits, as well as the gain-bandwidth product of detectors with a Si and InAlAs gain medium.
format	article
author	Mohammad Abu Raihan Miah Yunrui Jiang Yu-Hwa Lo
author_facet	Mohammad Abu Raihan Miah Yunrui Jiang Yu-Hwa Lo
author_sort	Mohammad Abu Raihan Miah
title	A Physics Based Unified Circuit Model for Single Photon and Analog Detector
title_short	A Physics Based Unified Circuit Model for Single Photon and Analog Detector
title_full	A Physics Based Unified Circuit Model for Single Photon and Analog Detector
title_fullStr	A Physics Based Unified Circuit Model for Single Photon and Analog Detector
title_full_unstemmed	A Physics Based Unified Circuit Model for Single Photon and Analog Detector
title_sort	physics based unified circuit model for single photon and analog detector
publisher	IEEE
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/1d6efbe0289b4df4b61413b4a601d670
work_keys_str_mv	AT mohammadaburaihanmiah aphysicsbasedunifiedcircuitmodelforsinglephotonandanalogdetector AT yunruijiang aphysicsbasedunifiedcircuitmodelforsinglephotonandanalogdetector AT yuhwalo aphysicsbasedunifiedcircuitmodelforsinglephotonandanalogdetector AT mohammadaburaihanmiah physicsbasedunifiedcircuitmodelforsinglephotonandanalogdetector AT yunruijiang physicsbasedunifiedcircuitmodelforsinglephotonandanalogdetector AT yuhwalo physicsbasedunifiedcircuitmodelforsinglephotonandanalogdetector
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A Physics Based Unified Circuit Model for Single Photon and Analog Detector

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