Morphological convergence and adaptation in cave and pelagic scale worms (Polynoidae, Annelida)

Abstract Across Annelida, accessing the water column drives morphological and lifestyle modifications—yet in the primarily “benthic” scale worms, the ecological significance of swimming has largely been ignored. We investigated genetic, morphological and behavioural adaptations associated with swimm...

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Autores principales:	Brett C. Gonzalez, Alejandro Martínez, Katrine Worsaae, Karen J. Osborn
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1d9c36e64a4747f88518c45462c99d44
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1d9c36e64a4747f88518c45462c99d442021-12-02T15:45:15ZMorphological convergence and adaptation in cave and pelagic scale worms (Polynoidae, Annelida)10.1038/s41598-021-89459-y2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/1d9c36e64a4747f88518c45462c99d442021-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-89459-yhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Across Annelida, accessing the water column drives morphological and lifestyle modifications—yet in the primarily “benthic” scale worms, the ecological significance of swimming has largely been ignored. We investigated genetic, morphological and behavioural adaptations associated with swimming across Polynoidae, using mitogenomics and comparative methods. Mitochondrial genomes from cave and pelagic polynoids were highly similar, with non-significant rearrangements only present in cave Gesiella. Gene orders of the new mitogenomes were highly similar to shallow water species, suggestive of an underlying polynoid ground pattern. Being the first phylogenetic analyses to include the holopelagic Drieschia, we recovered this species nested among shallow water terminals, suggesting a shallow water ancestry. Based on these results, our phylogenetic reconstructions showed that swimming evolved independently three times in Polynoidae, involving convergent adaptations in morphology and motility patterns across the deep sea (Branchipolynoe), midwater (Drieschia) and anchialine caves (Pelagomacellicephala and Gesiella). Phylogenetic generalized least-squares (PGLS) analyses showed that holopelagic and anchialine cave species exhibit hypertrophy of the dorsal cirri, yet, these morphological modifications are achieved along different evolutionary pathways, i.e., elongation of the cirrophore versus style. Together, these findings suggest that a water column lifestyle elicits similar morphological adaptations, favouring bodies designed for drifting and sensing.Brett C. GonzalezAlejandro MartínezKatrine WorsaaeKaren J. OsbornNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-17 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Brett C. Gonzalez Alejandro Martínez Katrine Worsaae Karen J. Osborn Morphological convergence and adaptation in cave and pelagic scale worms (Polynoidae, Annelida)
description	Abstract Across Annelida, accessing the water column drives morphological and lifestyle modifications—yet in the primarily “benthic” scale worms, the ecological significance of swimming has largely been ignored. We investigated genetic, morphological and behavioural adaptations associated with swimming across Polynoidae, using mitogenomics and comparative methods. Mitochondrial genomes from cave and pelagic polynoids were highly similar, with non-significant rearrangements only present in cave Gesiella. Gene orders of the new mitogenomes were highly similar to shallow water species, suggestive of an underlying polynoid ground pattern. Being the first phylogenetic analyses to include the holopelagic Drieschia, we recovered this species nested among shallow water terminals, suggesting a shallow water ancestry. Based on these results, our phylogenetic reconstructions showed that swimming evolved independently three times in Polynoidae, involving convergent adaptations in morphology and motility patterns across the deep sea (Branchipolynoe), midwater (Drieschia) and anchialine caves (Pelagomacellicephala and Gesiella). Phylogenetic generalized least-squares (PGLS) analyses showed that holopelagic and anchialine cave species exhibit hypertrophy of the dorsal cirri, yet, these morphological modifications are achieved along different evolutionary pathways, i.e., elongation of the cirrophore versus style. Together, these findings suggest that a water column lifestyle elicits similar morphological adaptations, favouring bodies designed for drifting and sensing.
format	article
author	Brett C. Gonzalez Alejandro Martínez Katrine Worsaae Karen J. Osborn
author_facet	Brett C. Gonzalez Alejandro Martínez Katrine Worsaae Karen J. Osborn
author_sort	Brett C. Gonzalez
title	Morphological convergence and adaptation in cave and pelagic scale worms (Polynoidae, Annelida)
title_short	Morphological convergence and adaptation in cave and pelagic scale worms (Polynoidae, Annelida)
title_full	Morphological convergence and adaptation in cave and pelagic scale worms (Polynoidae, Annelida)
title_fullStr	Morphological convergence and adaptation in cave and pelagic scale worms (Polynoidae, Annelida)
title_full_unstemmed	Morphological convergence and adaptation in cave and pelagic scale worms (Polynoidae, Annelida)
title_sort	morphological convergence and adaptation in cave and pelagic scale worms (polynoidae, annelida)
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/1d9c36e64a4747f88518c45462c99d44
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Morphological convergence and adaptation in cave and pelagic scale worms (Polynoidae, Annelida)

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