Electrochemically anodized porous silicon: Towards simple and affordable anode material for Li-ion batteries

Abstract Silicon is being increasingly studied as the next-generation anode material for Li-ion batteries because of its ten times higher gravimetric capacity compared with the widely-used graphite. While nanoparticles and other nanostructured silicon materials often exhibit good cyclability, their...

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Autores principales:	T. Ikonen, T. Nissinen, E. Pohjalainen, O. Sorsa, T. Kallio, V.-P. Lehto
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1db34aa3a51d44968db6ed7dab50c388
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1db34aa3a51d44968db6ed7dab50c3882021-12-02T15:04:59ZElectrochemically anodized porous silicon: Towards simple and affordable anode material for Li-ion batteries10.1038/s41598-017-08285-32045-2322https://doaj.org/article/1db34aa3a51d44968db6ed7dab50c3882017-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-08285-3https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Silicon is being increasingly studied as the next-generation anode material for Li-ion batteries because of its ten times higher gravimetric capacity compared with the widely-used graphite. While nanoparticles and other nanostructured silicon materials often exhibit good cyclability, their volumetric capacity tends to be worse or similar than that of graphite. Furthermore, these materials are commonly complicated and expensive to produce. An effortless way to produce nanostructured silicon is electrochemical anodization. However, there is no systematic study how various material properties affect its performance in LIBs. In the present study, the effects of particle size, surface passivation and boron doping degree were evaluated for the mesoporous silicon with relatively low porosity of 50%. This porosity value was estimated to be the lowest value for the silicon material that still can accommodate the substantial volume change during the charge/discharge cycling. The optimal particle size was between 10–20 µm, the carbide layer enhanced the rate capability by improving the lithiation kinetics, and higher levels of boron doping were beneficial for obtaining higher specific capacity at lower rates. Comparison of pristine and cycled electrodes revealed the loss of electrical contact and electrolyte decay to be the major contributors to the capacity decay.T. IkonenT. NissinenE. PohjalainenO. SorsaT. KallioV.-P. LehtoNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q T. Ikonen T. Nissinen E. Pohjalainen O. Sorsa T. Kallio V.-P. Lehto Electrochemically anodized porous silicon: Towards simple and affordable anode material for Li-ion batteries
description	Abstract Silicon is being increasingly studied as the next-generation anode material for Li-ion batteries because of its ten times higher gravimetric capacity compared with the widely-used graphite. While nanoparticles and other nanostructured silicon materials often exhibit good cyclability, their volumetric capacity tends to be worse or similar than that of graphite. Furthermore, these materials are commonly complicated and expensive to produce. An effortless way to produce nanostructured silicon is electrochemical anodization. However, there is no systematic study how various material properties affect its performance in LIBs. In the present study, the effects of particle size, surface passivation and boron doping degree were evaluated for the mesoporous silicon with relatively low porosity of 50%. This porosity value was estimated to be the lowest value for the silicon material that still can accommodate the substantial volume change during the charge/discharge cycling. The optimal particle size was between 10–20 µm, the carbide layer enhanced the rate capability by improving the lithiation kinetics, and higher levels of boron doping were beneficial for obtaining higher specific capacity at lower rates. Comparison of pristine and cycled electrodes revealed the loss of electrical contact and electrolyte decay to be the major contributors to the capacity decay.
format	article
author	T. Ikonen T. Nissinen E. Pohjalainen O. Sorsa T. Kallio V.-P. Lehto
author_facet	T. Ikonen T. Nissinen E. Pohjalainen O. Sorsa T. Kallio V.-P. Lehto
author_sort	T. Ikonen
title	Electrochemically anodized porous silicon: Towards simple and affordable anode material for Li-ion batteries
title_short	Electrochemically anodized porous silicon: Towards simple and affordable anode material for Li-ion batteries
title_full	Electrochemically anodized porous silicon: Towards simple and affordable anode material for Li-ion batteries
title_fullStr	Electrochemically anodized porous silicon: Towards simple and affordable anode material for Li-ion batteries
title_full_unstemmed	Electrochemically anodized porous silicon: Towards simple and affordable anode material for Li-ion batteries
title_sort	electrochemically anodized porous silicon: towards simple and affordable anode material for li-ion batteries
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/1db34aa3a51d44968db6ed7dab50c388
work_keys_str_mv	AT tikonen electrochemicallyanodizedporoussilicontowardssimpleandaffordableanodematerialforliionbatteries AT tnissinen electrochemicallyanodizedporoussilicontowardssimpleandaffordableanodematerialforliionbatteries AT epohjalainen electrochemicallyanodizedporoussilicontowardssimpleandaffordableanodematerialforliionbatteries AT osorsa electrochemicallyanodizedporoussilicontowardssimpleandaffordableanodematerialforliionbatteries AT tkallio electrochemicallyanodizedporoussilicontowardssimpleandaffordableanodematerialforliionbatteries AT vplehto electrochemicallyanodizedporoussilicontowardssimpleandaffordableanodematerialforliionbatteries
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Electrochemically anodized porous silicon: Towards simple and affordable anode material for Li-ion batteries

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