Modern Use of Water Produced by Purification of Municipal Wastewater: A Case Study

All the urban areas of developed countries have hydric distribution grids and sewage systems for collecting municipal wastewater to treatment plants. In this way, the municipal wastewater is purified from human excreta and other minor contaminants while producing excess sludges and purified water. I...

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Autores principales:	Giorgia Tomassi, Pietro Romano, Gabriele Di Giacomo
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	freshwater from the sea purification of municipal wastewater osmotic energy reverse osmosis pressure retarded osmosis process integration Technology T
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1db3c8f86e2947b881a7f81fbbc26432
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1db3c8f86e2947b881a7f81fbbc264322021-11-25T17:27:13ZModern Use of Water Produced by Purification of Municipal Wastewater: A Case Study10.3390/en142276101996-1073https://doaj.org/article/1db3c8f86e2947b881a7f81fbbc264322021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/22/7610https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1073All the urban areas of developed countries have hydric distribution grids and sewage systems for collecting municipal wastewater to treatment plants. In this way, the municipal wastewater is purified from human excreta and other minor contaminants while producing excess sludges and purified water. In arid and semi-arid areas of the world, the purified water can be used, before discharging, to enhance the energy efficiency of seawater desalination and solve the problems of marine pollution created by desalination plants. Over the past half-century, seawater desalination has gradually met demand in urbanized, oil-rich, arid areas. At the same time, technological evolution has made it possible to significantly increase the energy efficiency of the plants and reduce the unit cost of the produced water. However, for some years, these trends have flattened out. The purified water passes through the hybridized desalination plant and produces renewable osmotic energy before the final discharge in the sea to restart the descent behaviour. Current technological development of reverse osmosis (RO), pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) and very efficient energy recovery devices (ERDs) allows this. Furthermore, it is reasonable to predict that, in the short-medium term, a new generation of membranes specifically designed for improving the performance of the pressure retarded osmosis will be available. In such circumstances, the presently estimated 13-20% decrease of the specific energy consumption will improve up to more than 30%. With the hybrid plant, the salinity of the final discharged brine is like that of seawater, while the adverse effect of GHG emission will be significantly mitigated.Giorgia TomassiPietro RomanoGabriele Di GiacomoMDPI AGarticlefreshwater from the seapurification of municipal wastewaterosmotic energyreverse osmosispressure retarded osmosisprocess integrationTechnologyTENEnergies, Vol 14, Iss 7610, p 7610 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	freshwater from the sea purification of municipal wastewater osmotic energy reverse osmosis pressure retarded osmosis process integration Technology T
spellingShingle	freshwater from the sea purification of municipal wastewater osmotic energy reverse osmosis pressure retarded osmosis process integration Technology T Giorgia Tomassi Pietro Romano Gabriele Di Giacomo Modern Use of Water Produced by Purification of Municipal Wastewater: A Case Study
description	All the urban areas of developed countries have hydric distribution grids and sewage systems for collecting municipal wastewater to treatment plants. In this way, the municipal wastewater is purified from human excreta and other minor contaminants while producing excess sludges and purified water. In arid and semi-arid areas of the world, the purified water can be used, before discharging, to enhance the energy efficiency of seawater desalination and solve the problems of marine pollution created by desalination plants. Over the past half-century, seawater desalination has gradually met demand in urbanized, oil-rich, arid areas. At the same time, technological evolution has made it possible to significantly increase the energy efficiency of the plants and reduce the unit cost of the produced water. However, for some years, these trends have flattened out. The purified water passes through the hybridized desalination plant and produces renewable osmotic energy before the final discharge in the sea to restart the descent behaviour. Current technological development of reverse osmosis (RO), pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) and very efficient energy recovery devices (ERDs) allows this. Furthermore, it is reasonable to predict that, in the short-medium term, a new generation of membranes specifically designed for improving the performance of the pressure retarded osmosis will be available. In such circumstances, the presently estimated 13-20% decrease of the specific energy consumption will improve up to more than 30%. With the hybrid plant, the salinity of the final discharged brine is like that of seawater, while the adverse effect of GHG emission will be significantly mitigated.
format	article
author	Giorgia Tomassi Pietro Romano Gabriele Di Giacomo
author_facet	Giorgia Tomassi Pietro Romano Gabriele Di Giacomo
author_sort	Giorgia Tomassi
title	Modern Use of Water Produced by Purification of Municipal Wastewater: A Case Study
title_short	Modern Use of Water Produced by Purification of Municipal Wastewater: A Case Study
title_full	Modern Use of Water Produced by Purification of Municipal Wastewater: A Case Study
title_fullStr	Modern Use of Water Produced by Purification of Municipal Wastewater: A Case Study
title_full_unstemmed	Modern Use of Water Produced by Purification of Municipal Wastewater: A Case Study
title_sort	modern use of water produced by purification of municipal wastewater: a case study
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/1db3c8f86e2947b881a7f81fbbc26432
work_keys_str_mv	AT giorgiatomassi modernuseofwaterproducedbypurificationofmunicipalwastewateracasestudy AT pietroromano modernuseofwaterproducedbypurificationofmunicipalwastewateracasestudy AT gabrieledigiacomo modernuseofwaterproducedbypurificationofmunicipalwastewateracasestudy
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Modern Use of Water Produced by Purification of Municipal Wastewater: A Case Study

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