Transmission dynamics of Schistosoma japonicum in the lakes and marshlands of China.

<h4>Background</h4>Schistosoma japonicum is a major public health concern in China, with over one million people infected and another 40 million living in areas at risk of infection. Unlike the disease caused by S. mansoni and S. haematobium, schistosomiasis japonica is a zoonosis, invol...

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Autores principales:	Darren J Gray, Gail M Williams, Yuesheng Li, Donald P McManus
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2008
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1dbaa99bc59a4e5c85e493d93bb82278
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1dbaa99bc59a4e5c85e493d93bb822782021-11-25T06:17:58ZTransmission dynamics of Schistosoma japonicum in the lakes and marshlands of China.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0004058https://doaj.org/article/1dbaa99bc59a4e5c85e493d93bb822782008-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/19115007/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Schistosoma japonicum is a major public health concern in China, with over one million people infected and another 40 million living in areas at risk of infection. Unlike the disease caused by S. mansoni and S. haematobium, schistosomiasis japonica is a zoonosis, involving a number of different mammalian species as reservoir hosts. As a result of a number of published reports from China, it has long been considered that bovines, particularly water buffaloes, play a major role in human S. japonicum transmission there, and a drug-based intervention study (1998-2003) around the Poyang Lake in Jiangxi Province provided proof of concept that water buffaloes are, indeed, major reservoirs of human infection in this setting.<h4>Methods and findings</h4>In this study we incorporated recently obtained epidemiological information to model the steady-state S. japonicum transmission as well as the impact of the removal of S. japonicum transmission attributable to water buffaloes on human infection rates across six different endemic scenarios within three villages in the Dongting (Hunan) and Poyang (Jiangxi) lakes of southern China. Similar results were obtained for all scenarios. Steady-state S. japonicum infection rates remained constant and human prevalence and incidence were predicted to fall considerably over time. The model showed that the contribution of S. japonicum water buffalo transmission to human infection ranged from 39.1% to 99.1% and predicted that the removal of water buffalo transmission would reduce parasite reproductive rates below 1. This indicates that without the contribution of water buffaloes, S. japonicum transmission is interrupted and unsustainable. These scenarios are generalizable to other endemic villages in the lake and marshland areas of China where a similar cycle of snail infection and infection/reinfection of humans and bovines occurs.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Along with previous epidemiological data, our findings strongly support water buffaloes as an important component of the transmission cycle that affects humans in the lake and marshlands region of China, a feature which appears to differ from the situation prevalent in the Philippines where their contribution is less pronounced. Our conclusions underscore the rationale for removal, replacement or treatment of water buffaloes, and for the development and deployment of a transmission blocking buffalo vaccine against S. japonicum for this setting to achieve the goal of transmission control. The Chinese Government has recently commenced a new integrated national strategy to improve on existing approaches to control schistosomiasis in the lake and marshlands region by reducing bovines and humans as a source of S. japonicum infection to Oncomelania snails.Darren J GrayGail M WilliamsYuesheng LiDonald P McManusPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 3, Iss 12, p e4058 (2008)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Darren J Gray Gail M Williams Yuesheng Li Donald P McManus Transmission dynamics of Schistosoma japonicum in the lakes and marshlands of China.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Schistosoma japonicum is a major public health concern in China, with over one million people infected and another 40 million living in areas at risk of infection. Unlike the disease caused by S. mansoni and S. haematobium, schistosomiasis japonica is a zoonosis, involving a number of different mammalian species as reservoir hosts. As a result of a number of published reports from China, it has long been considered that bovines, particularly water buffaloes, play a major role in human S. japonicum transmission there, and a drug-based intervention study (1998-2003) around the Poyang Lake in Jiangxi Province provided proof of concept that water buffaloes are, indeed, major reservoirs of human infection in this setting.<h4>Methods and findings</h4>In this study we incorporated recently obtained epidemiological information to model the steady-state S. japonicum transmission as well as the impact of the removal of S. japonicum transmission attributable to water buffaloes on human infection rates across six different endemic scenarios within three villages in the Dongting (Hunan) and Poyang (Jiangxi) lakes of southern China. Similar results were obtained for all scenarios. Steady-state S. japonicum infection rates remained constant and human prevalence and incidence were predicted to fall considerably over time. The model showed that the contribution of S. japonicum water buffalo transmission to human infection ranged from 39.1% to 99.1% and predicted that the removal of water buffalo transmission would reduce parasite reproductive rates below 1. This indicates that without the contribution of water buffaloes, S. japonicum transmission is interrupted and unsustainable. These scenarios are generalizable to other endemic villages in the lake and marshland areas of China where a similar cycle of snail infection and infection/reinfection of humans and bovines occurs.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Along with previous epidemiological data, our findings strongly support water buffaloes as an important component of the transmission cycle that affects humans in the lake and marshlands region of China, a feature which appears to differ from the situation prevalent in the Philippines where their contribution is less pronounced. Our conclusions underscore the rationale for removal, replacement or treatment of water buffaloes, and for the development and deployment of a transmission blocking buffalo vaccine against S. japonicum for this setting to achieve the goal of transmission control. The Chinese Government has recently commenced a new integrated national strategy to improve on existing approaches to control schistosomiasis in the lake and marshlands region by reducing bovines and humans as a source of S. japonicum infection to Oncomelania snails.
format	article
author	Darren J Gray Gail M Williams Yuesheng Li Donald P McManus
author_facet	Darren J Gray Gail M Williams Yuesheng Li Donald P McManus
author_sort	Darren J Gray
title	Transmission dynamics of Schistosoma japonicum in the lakes and marshlands of China.
title_short	Transmission dynamics of Schistosoma japonicum in the lakes and marshlands of China.
title_full	Transmission dynamics of Schistosoma japonicum in the lakes and marshlands of China.
title_fullStr	Transmission dynamics of Schistosoma japonicum in the lakes and marshlands of China.
title_full_unstemmed	Transmission dynamics of Schistosoma japonicum in the lakes and marshlands of China.
title_sort	transmission dynamics of schistosoma japonicum in the lakes and marshlands of china.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2008
url	https://doaj.org/article/1dbaa99bc59a4e5c85e493d93bb82278
work_keys_str_mv	AT darrenjgray transmissiondynamicsofschistosomajaponicuminthelakesandmarshlandsofchina AT gailmwilliams transmissiondynamicsofschistosomajaponicuminthelakesandmarshlandsofchina AT yueshengli transmissiondynamicsofschistosomajaponicuminthelakesandmarshlandsofchina AT donaldpmcmanus transmissiondynamicsofschistosomajaponicuminthelakesandmarshlandsofchina
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Transmission dynamics of Schistosoma japonicum in the lakes and marshlands of China.

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