Daytime Grazing in Mountainous Areas Increases Unsaturated Fatty Acids and Decreases Cortisol in the Milk of Holstein Dairy Cows

The effects of grazing lactating cows in mountainous areas for 12 and 24 h compared with the confined indoor system were evaluated by examining the overall milk fatty acid and cortisol. Twenty-one dairy cows were allocated to three treatment groups: (1) control (confined management system in a free-...

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Autores principales:	Jalil Ghassemi Nejad, Bae-Hun Lee, Ji-Yung Kim, Kyung-Il Sung, Hong-Gu Lee
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	milk cortisol milk fatty acids grazing animals Holstein dairy cows omega-3 fatty acids Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1dd2c6ff58b8489c87ebdd7522ecfd06
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1dd2c6ff58b8489c87ebdd7522ecfd062021-11-25T16:16:07ZDaytime Grazing in Mountainous Areas Increases Unsaturated Fatty Acids and Decreases Cortisol in the Milk of Holstein Dairy Cows10.3390/ani111131222076-2615https://doaj.org/article/1dd2c6ff58b8489c87ebdd7522ecfd062021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/11/3122https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2615The effects of grazing lactating cows in mountainous areas for 12 and 24 h compared with the confined indoor system were evaluated by examining the overall milk fatty acid and cortisol. Twenty-one dairy cows were allocated to three treatment groups: (1) control (confined management system in a free-stall barn; TMR based), (2) grazing for 12 h (12 hG; TMR plus grazing pasture), and (3) grazing for 24 h (24 hG; pasture-based feeding system). Dry matter intake was higher in the control and 12 hG groups than in the 24 hG group. The yields of total milk and the 3.5% fat-corrected milk were the lowest in the 24 hG group. Milk fat was the highest in the 24 hG group and higher in 12 hG compared with the control group. Milk protein and lactose levels were the highest in the 12 hG group. The highest somatic cell count was observed in the 24 hG group. The saturated fatty acid levels were higher in the control group compared with the 12 hG and 24 hG groups. There was no difference in overall mono-unsaturated fatty acids between 12 hG and 24 hG groups. Poly-unsaturated fatty acids were higher in the 12 hG group compared with the control and 24 hG groups. There was no difference in omega-6 (ω-6) fatty acids among the groups, and omega-3 fatty acids were higher in the 12 hG group than in the control group. Milk cortisol was the highest in the 24 hG group and higher in the control group compared with the 12 hG group. Taken together, grazing for 12 h is advisable for farms that have access to mountainous areas to improve the milk fatty acid profile and decrease the stress levels in high-yielding Holstein lactating cows.Jalil Ghassemi NejadBae-Hun LeeJi-Yung KimKyung-Il SungHong-Gu LeeMDPI AGarticlemilk cortisolmilk fatty acidsgrazing animalsHolstein dairy cowsomega-3 fatty acidsVeterinary medicineSF600-1100ZoologyQL1-991ENAnimals, Vol 11, Iss 3122, p 3122 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	milk cortisol milk fatty acids grazing animals Holstein dairy cows omega-3 fatty acids Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
spellingShingle	milk cortisol milk fatty acids grazing animals Holstein dairy cows omega-3 fatty acids Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991 Jalil Ghassemi Nejad Bae-Hun Lee Ji-Yung Kim Kyung-Il Sung Hong-Gu Lee Daytime Grazing in Mountainous Areas Increases Unsaturated Fatty Acids and Decreases Cortisol in the Milk of Holstein Dairy Cows
description	The effects of grazing lactating cows in mountainous areas for 12 and 24 h compared with the confined indoor system were evaluated by examining the overall milk fatty acid and cortisol. Twenty-one dairy cows were allocated to three treatment groups: (1) control (confined management system in a free-stall barn; TMR based), (2) grazing for 12 h (12 hG; TMR plus grazing pasture), and (3) grazing for 24 h (24 hG; pasture-based feeding system). Dry matter intake was higher in the control and 12 hG groups than in the 24 hG group. The yields of total milk and the 3.5% fat-corrected milk were the lowest in the 24 hG group. Milk fat was the highest in the 24 hG group and higher in 12 hG compared with the control group. Milk protein and lactose levels were the highest in the 12 hG group. The highest somatic cell count was observed in the 24 hG group. The saturated fatty acid levels were higher in the control group compared with the 12 hG and 24 hG groups. There was no difference in overall mono-unsaturated fatty acids between 12 hG and 24 hG groups. Poly-unsaturated fatty acids were higher in the 12 hG group compared with the control and 24 hG groups. There was no difference in omega-6 (ω-6) fatty acids among the groups, and omega-3 fatty acids were higher in the 12 hG group than in the control group. Milk cortisol was the highest in the 24 hG group and higher in the control group compared with the 12 hG group. Taken together, grazing for 12 h is advisable for farms that have access to mountainous areas to improve the milk fatty acid profile and decrease the stress levels in high-yielding Holstein lactating cows.
format	article
author	Jalil Ghassemi Nejad Bae-Hun Lee Ji-Yung Kim Kyung-Il Sung Hong-Gu Lee
author_facet	Jalil Ghassemi Nejad Bae-Hun Lee Ji-Yung Kim Kyung-Il Sung Hong-Gu Lee
author_sort	Jalil Ghassemi Nejad
title	Daytime Grazing in Mountainous Areas Increases Unsaturated Fatty Acids and Decreases Cortisol in the Milk of Holstein Dairy Cows
title_short	Daytime Grazing in Mountainous Areas Increases Unsaturated Fatty Acids and Decreases Cortisol in the Milk of Holstein Dairy Cows
title_full	Daytime Grazing in Mountainous Areas Increases Unsaturated Fatty Acids and Decreases Cortisol in the Milk of Holstein Dairy Cows
title_fullStr	Daytime Grazing in Mountainous Areas Increases Unsaturated Fatty Acids and Decreases Cortisol in the Milk of Holstein Dairy Cows
title_full_unstemmed	Daytime Grazing in Mountainous Areas Increases Unsaturated Fatty Acids and Decreases Cortisol in the Milk of Holstein Dairy Cows
title_sort	daytime grazing in mountainous areas increases unsaturated fatty acids and decreases cortisol in the milk of holstein dairy cows
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/1dd2c6ff58b8489c87ebdd7522ecfd06
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Daytime Grazing in Mountainous Areas Increases Unsaturated Fatty Acids and Decreases Cortisol in the Milk of Holstein Dairy Cows

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