Immune regulatory neural stem/precursor cells protect from central nervous system autoimmunity by restraining dendritic cell function.

<h4>Background</h4>The systemic injection of neural stem/precursor cells (NPCs) provides remarkable amelioration of the clinico-pathological features of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). This is dependent on the capacity of transplanted NPCs to engage concurrent mechanisms...

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Autores principales: Stefano Pluchino, Lucia Zanotti, Elena Brambilla, Patrizia Rovere-Querini, Annalisa Capobianco, Clara Alfaro-Cervello, Giuliana Salani, Chiara Cossetti, Giovanna Borsellino, Luca Battistini, Maurilio Ponzoni, Claudio Doglioni, Jose Manuel Garcia-Verdugo, Giancarlo Comi, Angelo A Manfredi, Gianvito Martino
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Publicado: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2009
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:1ddc3522603149ef879615b4526a69192021-11-25T06:22:00ZImmune regulatory neural stem/precursor cells protect from central nervous system autoimmunity by restraining dendritic cell function.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0005959https://doaj.org/article/1ddc3522603149ef879615b4526a69192009-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/19543526/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>The systemic injection of neural stem/precursor cells (NPCs) provides remarkable amelioration of the clinico-pathological features of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). This is dependent on the capacity of transplanted NPCs to engage concurrent mechanisms of action within specific microenvironments in vivo. Among a wide range of therapeutic actions alternative to cell replacement, neuroprotective and immune modulatory capacities of transplanted NPCs have been described. However, lacking is a detailed understanding of the mechanisms by which NPCs exert their therapeutic plasticity. This study was designed to identify the first candidate that exemplifies and sustains the immune modulatory capacity of transplanted NPCs.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>To achieve the exclusive targeting of the peripheral immune system, SJL mice with PLP-induced EAE were injected subcutaneously with NPCs and the treatment commenced prior to disease onset. NPC-injected EAE mice showed significant clinical improvement, as compared to controls. Exogenous NPCs lacking the expression of major neural antigens were reliably (and for long-term) found at the level of draining lymph nodes, while establishing sophisticated anatomical interactions with lymph node cells. Importantly, injected NPCs were never found in organs other than lymph nodes, including the brain and the spinal cord. Draining lymph nodes from transplanted mice showed focal up-regulation of major developmental stem cell regulators, such as BMP-4, Noggin and Sonic hedgehog. In lymph nodes, injected NPCs hampered the activation of myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) and steadily restrained the expansion of antigen-specific encephalitogenic T cells. Both ex vivo and in vitro experiments identified a novel highly NPC-specific-BMP-4-dependent-mechanism hindering the DC maturation.<h4>Conclusion/significance</h4>The study described herein, identifies the first member of the TGF beta/BMP family of stem cell regulators as a novel tolerogenic factor released by NPCs. Full exploitation of this pathway as an efficient tool for vaccination therapy in autoimmune inflammatory conditions is underway.Stefano PluchinoLucia ZanottiElena BrambillaPatrizia Rovere-QueriniAnnalisa CapobiancoClara Alfaro-CervelloGiuliana SalaniChiara CossettiGiovanna BorsellinoLuca BattistiniMaurilio PonzoniClaudio DoglioniJose Manuel Garcia-VerdugoGiancarlo ComiAngelo A ManfrediGianvito MartinoPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 4, Iss 6, p e5959 (2009)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic Medicine
R
Science
Q
spellingShingle Medicine
R
Science
Q
Stefano Pluchino
Lucia Zanotti
Elena Brambilla
Patrizia Rovere-Querini
Annalisa Capobianco
Clara Alfaro-Cervello
Giuliana Salani
Chiara Cossetti
Giovanna Borsellino
Luca Battistini
Maurilio Ponzoni
Claudio Doglioni
Jose Manuel Garcia-Verdugo
Giancarlo Comi
Angelo A Manfredi
Gianvito Martino
Immune regulatory neural stem/precursor cells protect from central nervous system autoimmunity by restraining dendritic cell function.
description <h4>Background</h4>The systemic injection of neural stem/precursor cells (NPCs) provides remarkable amelioration of the clinico-pathological features of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). This is dependent on the capacity of transplanted NPCs to engage concurrent mechanisms of action within specific microenvironments in vivo. Among a wide range of therapeutic actions alternative to cell replacement, neuroprotective and immune modulatory capacities of transplanted NPCs have been described. However, lacking is a detailed understanding of the mechanisms by which NPCs exert their therapeutic plasticity. This study was designed to identify the first candidate that exemplifies and sustains the immune modulatory capacity of transplanted NPCs.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>To achieve the exclusive targeting of the peripheral immune system, SJL mice with PLP-induced EAE were injected subcutaneously with NPCs and the treatment commenced prior to disease onset. NPC-injected EAE mice showed significant clinical improvement, as compared to controls. Exogenous NPCs lacking the expression of major neural antigens were reliably (and for long-term) found at the level of draining lymph nodes, while establishing sophisticated anatomical interactions with lymph node cells. Importantly, injected NPCs were never found in organs other than lymph nodes, including the brain and the spinal cord. Draining lymph nodes from transplanted mice showed focal up-regulation of major developmental stem cell regulators, such as BMP-4, Noggin and Sonic hedgehog. In lymph nodes, injected NPCs hampered the activation of myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) and steadily restrained the expansion of antigen-specific encephalitogenic T cells. Both ex vivo and in vitro experiments identified a novel highly NPC-specific-BMP-4-dependent-mechanism hindering the DC maturation.<h4>Conclusion/significance</h4>The study described herein, identifies the first member of the TGF beta/BMP family of stem cell regulators as a novel tolerogenic factor released by NPCs. Full exploitation of this pathway as an efficient tool for vaccination therapy in autoimmune inflammatory conditions is underway.
format article
author Stefano Pluchino
Lucia Zanotti
Elena Brambilla
Patrizia Rovere-Querini
Annalisa Capobianco
Clara Alfaro-Cervello
Giuliana Salani
Chiara Cossetti
Giovanna Borsellino
Luca Battistini
Maurilio Ponzoni
Claudio Doglioni
Jose Manuel Garcia-Verdugo
Giancarlo Comi
Angelo A Manfredi
Gianvito Martino
author_facet Stefano Pluchino
Lucia Zanotti
Elena Brambilla
Patrizia Rovere-Querini
Annalisa Capobianco
Clara Alfaro-Cervello
Giuliana Salani
Chiara Cossetti
Giovanna Borsellino
Luca Battistini
Maurilio Ponzoni
Claudio Doglioni
Jose Manuel Garcia-Verdugo
Giancarlo Comi
Angelo A Manfredi
Gianvito Martino
author_sort Stefano Pluchino
title Immune regulatory neural stem/precursor cells protect from central nervous system autoimmunity by restraining dendritic cell function.
title_short Immune regulatory neural stem/precursor cells protect from central nervous system autoimmunity by restraining dendritic cell function.
title_full Immune regulatory neural stem/precursor cells protect from central nervous system autoimmunity by restraining dendritic cell function.
title_fullStr Immune regulatory neural stem/precursor cells protect from central nervous system autoimmunity by restraining dendritic cell function.
title_full_unstemmed Immune regulatory neural stem/precursor cells protect from central nervous system autoimmunity by restraining dendritic cell function.
title_sort immune regulatory neural stem/precursor cells protect from central nervous system autoimmunity by restraining dendritic cell function.
publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate 2009
url https://doaj.org/article/1ddc3522603149ef879615b4526a6919
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