Illegal substance use among Italian high school students: trends over 11 years (1999-2009).

<h4>Purpose</h4>To monitor changes in habits in drug use among Italian high school students.<h4>Methods</h4>Cross-sectional European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD) carried out in Italy annually for 11 years (1999-2009) with representative samples of...

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Autores principales:	Sabrina Molinaro, Valeria Siciliano, Olivia Curzio, Francesca Denoth, Stefano Salvadori, Fabio Mariani
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2011
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1dfcf96d9f5c44bebe06733e34e55b1c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1dfcf96d9f5c44bebe06733e34e55b1c2021-11-18T06:52:16ZIllegal substance use among Italian high school students: trends over 11 years (1999-2009).1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0020482https://doaj.org/article/1dfcf96d9f5c44bebe06733e34e55b1c2011-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21695199/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Purpose</h4>To monitor changes in habits in drug use among Italian high school students.<h4>Methods</h4>Cross-sectional European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD) carried out in Italy annually for 11 years (1999-2009) with representative samples of youth attending high school. The sample size considered ranges from 15,752 to 41,365 students and response rate ranged from 85.5% to 98.6%. Data were analyzed to obtain measures of life-time prevalence (LT), use in the last year (LY), use in the last 30 days (LM), frequent use. Comparisons utilized difference in proportion tests. Tests for linear trends in proportion were performed using the Royston p trend test.<h4>Results</h4>When the time-averaged value was considered, cannabis (30% LT) was the most, and heroin the least (2%) frequently used, with cocaine (5%), hallucinogens (2%) and stimulants (2%) in between. A clear gender gap is evident for all drugs, more obvious for hallucinogens (average M/F LY prevalence ratio 2, range 1.7-2.4, p<0.05), less for cannabis (average M/F LY prevalence ratio 1.3, range 1.2-1.5, p<0.05). Data shows a change in trend between 2005 and 2008; in 2006 the trend for cannabis use and availability dropped and the price rose, while from 2005 cocaine and stimulant use prevalence showed a substantial increase and the price went down. After 2008 use of all substances seems to have decreased.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Drug use is widespread among students in Italy, with cannabis being the most and heroin the least prevalent. Girls are less vulnerable than boys to illegal drug use. In recent years, a decrease in heroin use is overbalanced by a marked rise in hallucinogen and stimulant use.Sabrina MolinaroValeria SicilianoOlivia CurzioFrancesca DenothStefano SalvadoriFabio MarianiPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 6, Iss 6, p e20482 (2011)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Sabrina Molinaro Valeria Siciliano Olivia Curzio Francesca Denoth Stefano Salvadori Fabio Mariani Illegal substance use among Italian high school students: trends over 11 years (1999-2009).
description	<h4>Purpose</h4>To monitor changes in habits in drug use among Italian high school students.<h4>Methods</h4>Cross-sectional European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD) carried out in Italy annually for 11 years (1999-2009) with representative samples of youth attending high school. The sample size considered ranges from 15,752 to 41,365 students and response rate ranged from 85.5% to 98.6%. Data were analyzed to obtain measures of life-time prevalence (LT), use in the last year (LY), use in the last 30 days (LM), frequent use. Comparisons utilized difference in proportion tests. Tests for linear trends in proportion were performed using the Royston p trend test.<h4>Results</h4>When the time-averaged value was considered, cannabis (30% LT) was the most, and heroin the least (2%) frequently used, with cocaine (5%), hallucinogens (2%) and stimulants (2%) in between. A clear gender gap is evident for all drugs, more obvious for hallucinogens (average M/F LY prevalence ratio 2, range 1.7-2.4, p<0.05), less for cannabis (average M/F LY prevalence ratio 1.3, range 1.2-1.5, p<0.05). Data shows a change in trend between 2005 and 2008; in 2006 the trend for cannabis use and availability dropped and the price rose, while from 2005 cocaine and stimulant use prevalence showed a substantial increase and the price went down. After 2008 use of all substances seems to have decreased.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Drug use is widespread among students in Italy, with cannabis being the most and heroin the least prevalent. Girls are less vulnerable than boys to illegal drug use. In recent years, a decrease in heroin use is overbalanced by a marked rise in hallucinogen and stimulant use.
format	article
author	Sabrina Molinaro Valeria Siciliano Olivia Curzio Francesca Denoth Stefano Salvadori Fabio Mariani
author_facet	Sabrina Molinaro Valeria Siciliano Olivia Curzio Francesca Denoth Stefano Salvadori Fabio Mariani
author_sort	Sabrina Molinaro
title	Illegal substance use among Italian high school students: trends over 11 years (1999-2009).
title_short	Illegal substance use among Italian high school students: trends over 11 years (1999-2009).
title_full	Illegal substance use among Italian high school students: trends over 11 years (1999-2009).
title_fullStr	Illegal substance use among Italian high school students: trends over 11 years (1999-2009).
title_full_unstemmed	Illegal substance use among Italian high school students: trends over 11 years (1999-2009).
title_sort	illegal substance use among italian high school students: trends over 11 years (1999-2009).
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2011
url	https://doaj.org/article/1dfcf96d9f5c44bebe06733e34e55b1c
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Illegal substance use among Italian high school students: trends over 11 years (1999-2009).

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