Asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum malaria prevalence among adolescents and adults in Malawi, 2015–2016

Abstract Malaria remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in Malawi, with an estimated 18–19% prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum in children 2–10 years in 2015–2016. While children report the highest rates of clinical disease, adults are thought to be an important reservoir to sustain...

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Autores principales:	Hillary M. Topazian, Austin Gumbo, Sydney Puerto-Meredith, Ruth Njiko, Alexis Mwanza, Michael Kayange, David Mwalilino, Bernard Mvula, Gerald Tegha, Tisungane Mvalo, Jessie K. Edwards, Michael Emch, Audrey Pettifor, Jennifer S. Smith, Irving Hoffman, Steven R. Meshnick, Jonathan J. Juliano
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2020
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1e20b2df6d294da4b090f8a4bcc619ed
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1e20b2df6d294da4b090f8a4bcc619ed2021-12-02T15:09:48ZAsymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum malaria prevalence among adolescents and adults in Malawi, 2015–201610.1038/s41598-020-75261-92045-2322https://doaj.org/article/1e20b2df6d294da4b090f8a4bcc619ed2020-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-75261-9https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Malaria remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in Malawi, with an estimated 18–19% prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum in children 2–10 years in 2015–2016. While children report the highest rates of clinical disease, adults are thought to be an important reservoir to sustained transmission due to persistent asymptomatic infection. The 2015–2016 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey was a nationally representative household survey which collected dried blood spots from 15,125 asymptomatic individuals ages 15–54 between October 2015 and February 2016. We performed quantitative polymerase chain reaction on 7,393 samples, detecting an overall P. falciparum prevalence of 31.1% (SE = 1.1). Most infections (55.6%) had parasitemias ≤ 10 parasites/µL. While 66.2% of individuals lived in a household that owned a bed net, only 36.6% reported sleeping under a long-lasting insecticide-treated net (LLIN) the previous night. Protective factors included urbanicity, greater wealth, higher education, and lower environmental temperatures. Living in a household with a bed net (prevalence difference 0.02, 95% CI − 0.02 to 0.05) and sleeping under an LLIN (0.01; − 0.02 to 0.04) were not protective against infection. Our findings demonstrate a higher parasite prevalence in adults than published estimates among children. Understanding the prevalence and distribution of asymptomatic infection is essential for targeted interventions.Hillary M. TopazianAustin GumboSydney Puerto-MeredithRuth NjikoAlexis MwanzaMichael KayangeDavid MwalilinoBernard MvulaGerald TeghaTisungane MvaloJessie K. EdwardsMichael EmchAudrey PettiforJennifer S. SmithIrving HoffmanSteven R. MeshnickJonathan J. JulianoNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Hillary M. Topazian Austin Gumbo Sydney Puerto-Meredith Ruth Njiko Alexis Mwanza Michael Kayange David Mwalilino Bernard Mvula Gerald Tegha Tisungane Mvalo Jessie K. Edwards Michael Emch Audrey Pettifor Jennifer S. Smith Irving Hoffman Steven R. Meshnick Jonathan J. Juliano Asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum malaria prevalence among adolescents and adults in Malawi, 2015–2016
description	Abstract Malaria remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in Malawi, with an estimated 18–19% prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum in children 2–10 years in 2015–2016. While children report the highest rates of clinical disease, adults are thought to be an important reservoir to sustained transmission due to persistent asymptomatic infection. The 2015–2016 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey was a nationally representative household survey which collected dried blood spots from 15,125 asymptomatic individuals ages 15–54 between October 2015 and February 2016. We performed quantitative polymerase chain reaction on 7,393 samples, detecting an overall P. falciparum prevalence of 31.1% (SE = 1.1). Most infections (55.6%) had parasitemias ≤ 10 parasites/µL. While 66.2% of individuals lived in a household that owned a bed net, only 36.6% reported sleeping under a long-lasting insecticide-treated net (LLIN) the previous night. Protective factors included urbanicity, greater wealth, higher education, and lower environmental temperatures. Living in a household with a bed net (prevalence difference 0.02, 95% CI − 0.02 to 0.05) and sleeping under an LLIN (0.01; − 0.02 to 0.04) were not protective against infection. Our findings demonstrate a higher parasite prevalence in adults than published estimates among children. Understanding the prevalence and distribution of asymptomatic infection is essential for targeted interventions.
format	article
author	Hillary M. Topazian Austin Gumbo Sydney Puerto-Meredith Ruth Njiko Alexis Mwanza Michael Kayange David Mwalilino Bernard Mvula Gerald Tegha Tisungane Mvalo Jessie K. Edwards Michael Emch Audrey Pettifor Jennifer S. Smith Irving Hoffman Steven R. Meshnick Jonathan J. Juliano
author_facet	Hillary M. Topazian Austin Gumbo Sydney Puerto-Meredith Ruth Njiko Alexis Mwanza Michael Kayange David Mwalilino Bernard Mvula Gerald Tegha Tisungane Mvalo Jessie K. Edwards Michael Emch Audrey Pettifor Jennifer S. Smith Irving Hoffman Steven R. Meshnick Jonathan J. Juliano
author_sort	Hillary M. Topazian
title	Asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum malaria prevalence among adolescents and adults in Malawi, 2015–2016
title_short	Asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum malaria prevalence among adolescents and adults in Malawi, 2015–2016
title_full	Asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum malaria prevalence among adolescents and adults in Malawi, 2015–2016
title_fullStr	Asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum malaria prevalence among adolescents and adults in Malawi, 2015–2016
title_full_unstemmed	Asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum malaria prevalence among adolescents and adults in Malawi, 2015–2016
title_sort	asymptomatic plasmodium falciparum malaria prevalence among adolescents and adults in malawi, 2015–2016
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/1e20b2df6d294da4b090f8a4bcc619ed
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Asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum malaria prevalence among adolescents and adults in Malawi, 2015–2016

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