Effect of neutralizers and silicone softeners on phenolic yellowing phenomenon of OBA treated cotton knitted fabric

Phenolic yellowing is a complex physicochemical phenomenon of cotton, especially for white and pastel-colored fabrics. This study tried to analyze the effect of neutralizers and silicone softeners on this. Three types of neutralizers of different chemical characteristics (acetic acid, citric acid, a...

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Autores principales:	Md. Salauddin Sk, Rony Mia, Bulbul Ahmed, Atiqur Rahman, Md. Mostafizur Rahman Palash
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Phenolic yellowing Cotton fabric Neutralizer Silicon softener Whiteness index Science (General) Q1-390 Social sciences (General) H1-99
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1e247c87528140c5a3de4e3b1b1b13f8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1e247c87528140c5a3de4e3b1b1b13f82021-12-02T05:02:37ZEffect of neutralizers and silicone softeners on phenolic yellowing phenomenon of OBA treated cotton knitted fabric2405-844010.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08320https://doaj.org/article/1e247c87528140c5a3de4e3b1b1b13f82021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844021024233https://doaj.org/toc/2405-8440Phenolic yellowing is a complex physicochemical phenomenon of cotton, especially for white and pastel-colored fabrics. This study tried to analyze the effect of neutralizers and silicone softeners on this. Three types of neutralizers of different chemical characteristics (acetic acid, citric acid, and commercial complex acid) were used to achieve core neutralization whereas two unlike ionic nature of silicone softeners (cationic & non-ionic) for the finishing process used. The acetic acid and nonionic softener treated fabric gives the maximum CIE (International Commission on Illumination) whiteness index value of 151 while citric acid and cationic softener have the least rating of 140.93 with a similar chemical dosage of 1.5 g/l by immediate testing. However, after repeated testing for one-month conditioning in atmospheric conditions, complex acid, and nonionic softener treated samples exhibited the maximum whiteness index of 145.86; on the other hand, citric acid and cationic softener treated one had the least rating of 125.85. Moreover, fabric core pH, reading was found to be 6.68, 6.15 & 5.13 for acetic acid, citric acid, and complex acid through immediate testing. After one month of conditioning, the values were 7.2, 6.61, and 5.25, respectively. Finally, a maximum phenolic yellowing rating of 4–5 was found with complex acid & nonionic softener in contrast poor rating of 2 with acetic acid & cationic softener for immediate testing. Storage of the samples has a significant impact on phenolic yellowing for all types of chemical concentrations. Lightfastness rating was found identical for all samples while bursting strength had a very negligible impact, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy also revealed the presence of noticeable chemical functional groups.Md. Salauddin SkRony MiaBulbul AhmedAtiqur RahmanMd. Mostafizur Rahman PalashElsevierarticlePhenolic yellowingCotton fabricNeutralizerSilicon softenerWhiteness indexScience (General)Q1-390Social sciences (General)H1-99ENHeliyon, Vol 7, Iss 11, Pp e08320- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Phenolic yellowing Cotton fabric Neutralizer Silicon softener Whiteness index Science (General) Q1-390 Social sciences (General) H1-99
spellingShingle	Phenolic yellowing Cotton fabric Neutralizer Silicon softener Whiteness index Science (General) Q1-390 Social sciences (General) H1-99 Md. Salauddin Sk Rony Mia Bulbul Ahmed Atiqur Rahman Md. Mostafizur Rahman Palash Effect of neutralizers and silicone softeners on phenolic yellowing phenomenon of OBA treated cotton knitted fabric
description	Phenolic yellowing is a complex physicochemical phenomenon of cotton, especially for white and pastel-colored fabrics. This study tried to analyze the effect of neutralizers and silicone softeners on this. Three types of neutralizers of different chemical characteristics (acetic acid, citric acid, and commercial complex acid) were used to achieve core neutralization whereas two unlike ionic nature of silicone softeners (cationic & non-ionic) for the finishing process used. The acetic acid and nonionic softener treated fabric gives the maximum CIE (International Commission on Illumination) whiteness index value of 151 while citric acid and cationic softener have the least rating of 140.93 with a similar chemical dosage of 1.5 g/l by immediate testing. However, after repeated testing for one-month conditioning in atmospheric conditions, complex acid, and nonionic softener treated samples exhibited the maximum whiteness index of 145.86; on the other hand, citric acid and cationic softener treated one had the least rating of 125.85. Moreover, fabric core pH, reading was found to be 6.68, 6.15 & 5.13 for acetic acid, citric acid, and complex acid through immediate testing. After one month of conditioning, the values were 7.2, 6.61, and 5.25, respectively. Finally, a maximum phenolic yellowing rating of 4–5 was found with complex acid & nonionic softener in contrast poor rating of 2 with acetic acid & cationic softener for immediate testing. Storage of the samples has a significant impact on phenolic yellowing for all types of chemical concentrations. Lightfastness rating was found identical for all samples while bursting strength had a very negligible impact, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy also revealed the presence of noticeable chemical functional groups.
format	article
author	Md. Salauddin Sk Rony Mia Bulbul Ahmed Atiqur Rahman Md. Mostafizur Rahman Palash
author_facet	Md. Salauddin Sk Rony Mia Bulbul Ahmed Atiqur Rahman Md. Mostafizur Rahman Palash
author_sort	Md. Salauddin Sk
title	Effect of neutralizers and silicone softeners on phenolic yellowing phenomenon of OBA treated cotton knitted fabric
title_short	Effect of neutralizers and silicone softeners on phenolic yellowing phenomenon of OBA treated cotton knitted fabric
title_full	Effect of neutralizers and silicone softeners on phenolic yellowing phenomenon of OBA treated cotton knitted fabric
title_fullStr	Effect of neutralizers and silicone softeners on phenolic yellowing phenomenon of OBA treated cotton knitted fabric
title_full_unstemmed	Effect of neutralizers and silicone softeners on phenolic yellowing phenomenon of OBA treated cotton knitted fabric
title_sort	effect of neutralizers and silicone softeners on phenolic yellowing phenomenon of oba treated cotton knitted fabric
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/1e247c87528140c5a3de4e3b1b1b13f8
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Effect of neutralizers and silicone softeners on phenolic yellowing phenomenon of OBA treated cotton knitted fabric

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