Risk Factors and Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Human Rabies Exposure in Northwestern Tigray, Ethiopia

Background: Rabies is a neglected tropical disease, which is economically important with great public health concerns in developing countries including Ethiopia. Epidemiological information can play an important role in the control and prevention of rabies, though little is known about the status of...

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Autores principales:	Gebreyohans Gebru, Gebremedhin Romha, Abrha Asefa, Haftom Hadush, Muluberhan Biedemariam
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Ubiquity Press 2019
Materias:	Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1e35c8a3111142b4becb0f2bfd9f3af9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1e35c8a3111142b4becb0f2bfd9f3af92021-12-02T04:46:56ZRisk Factors and Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Human Rabies Exposure in Northwestern Tigray, Ethiopia2214-999610.5334/aogh.2518https://doaj.org/article/1e35c8a3111142b4becb0f2bfd9f3af92019-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://annalsofglobalhealth.org/articles/2518https://doaj.org/toc/2214-9996Background: Rabies is a neglected tropical disease, which is economically important with great public health concerns in developing countries including Ethiopia. Epidemiological information can play an important role in the control and prevention of rabies, though little is known about the status of the disease in many settings of Ethiopia. The present study aimed to investigate the risk factors and spatio-temporal patterns of human rabies exposure in Northwestern Tigray, Ethiopia. Methods: A prospective study was conducted from 01 January 2016 to 31 December 2016 (lapsed for one year) at Suhul general hospital, Northern Ethiopia. Data of human rabies exposure cases were collected using a pretested questionnaire that was prepared for individuals dog bite victims. Moreover, GPS coordinate of each exposure site was collected for spatio-temporal analysis using hand-held Garmin 64 GPS apparatus. Later, cluster of human rabies exposures were identified using Getis-Ord Gi* statistics. Results: In total, 368 human rabies exposure cases were collected during the study year. Age group of 5 to 14 years old were highly exposed (43.2%; 95% CI, 38.2–48.3). Greater number of human rabies exposures was registered in males (63%; 95% CI, 58.0–67.8) than females (37%; 95% CI, 32.1–42.0). Residents of rural (85.6%; 95% CI, 81.6–88.8) areas were at greater risk to rabies than urban residents (14.4%; 95% CI, 11.2–18.4). Higher proportion of human rabies exposures were caused by unprovoked (96.5%; 95% CI, 94.0–98.0) and unvaccinated (85.9%; 95% CI, 81.9–89.1) dogs. All rabies exposures were exclusively caused by dog bites and the majority of them (80.4%; 95% CI, 76.0–84.2) were caused by stray dogs. Results of spatio-temporal analysis showed that Asgede Tsimbla, Endaselassie and Laelay Adiyabo districts experienced the highest burden of rabies exposure; identified as hot spots. Strong peaks of human rabies exposure occurred between March and July months. Conclusion: The present study provided basic epidemiological information on the potential risk factors associated with human rabies exposure. Moreover, our findings provided basis for understanding the spatio-temporal patterns of human rabies in Northwestern Tigray districts for the first time.Gebreyohans GebruGebremedhin RomhaAbrha AsefaHaftom HadushMuluberhan BiedemariamUbiquity PressarticleInfectious and parasitic diseasesRC109-216Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENAnnals of Global Health, Vol 85, Iss 1 (2019)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Gebreyohans Gebru Gebremedhin Romha Abrha Asefa Haftom Hadush Muluberhan Biedemariam Risk Factors and Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Human Rabies Exposure in Northwestern Tigray, Ethiopia
description	Background: Rabies is a neglected tropical disease, which is economically important with great public health concerns in developing countries including Ethiopia. Epidemiological information can play an important role in the control and prevention of rabies, though little is known about the status of the disease in many settings of Ethiopia. The present study aimed to investigate the risk factors and spatio-temporal patterns of human rabies exposure in Northwestern Tigray, Ethiopia. Methods: A prospective study was conducted from 01 January 2016 to 31 December 2016 (lapsed for one year) at Suhul general hospital, Northern Ethiopia. Data of human rabies exposure cases were collected using a pretested questionnaire that was prepared for individuals dog bite victims. Moreover, GPS coordinate of each exposure site was collected for spatio-temporal analysis using hand-held Garmin 64 GPS apparatus. Later, cluster of human rabies exposures were identified using Getis-Ord Gi* statistics. Results: In total, 368 human rabies exposure cases were collected during the study year. Age group of 5 to 14 years old were highly exposed (43.2%; 95% CI, 38.2–48.3). Greater number of human rabies exposures was registered in males (63%; 95% CI, 58.0–67.8) than females (37%; 95% CI, 32.1–42.0). Residents of rural (85.6%; 95% CI, 81.6–88.8) areas were at greater risk to rabies than urban residents (14.4%; 95% CI, 11.2–18.4). Higher proportion of human rabies exposures were caused by unprovoked (96.5%; 95% CI, 94.0–98.0) and unvaccinated (85.9%; 95% CI, 81.9–89.1) dogs. All rabies exposures were exclusively caused by dog bites and the majority of them (80.4%; 95% CI, 76.0–84.2) were caused by stray dogs. Results of spatio-temporal analysis showed that Asgede Tsimbla, Endaselassie and Laelay Adiyabo districts experienced the highest burden of rabies exposure; identified as hot spots. Strong peaks of human rabies exposure occurred between March and July months. Conclusion: The present study provided basic epidemiological information on the potential risk factors associated with human rabies exposure. Moreover, our findings provided basis for understanding the spatio-temporal patterns of human rabies in Northwestern Tigray districts for the first time.
format	article
author	Gebreyohans Gebru Gebremedhin Romha Abrha Asefa Haftom Hadush Muluberhan Biedemariam
author_facet	Gebreyohans Gebru Gebremedhin Romha Abrha Asefa Haftom Hadush Muluberhan Biedemariam
author_sort	Gebreyohans Gebru
title	Risk Factors and Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Human Rabies Exposure in Northwestern Tigray, Ethiopia
title_short	Risk Factors and Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Human Rabies Exposure in Northwestern Tigray, Ethiopia
title_full	Risk Factors and Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Human Rabies Exposure in Northwestern Tigray, Ethiopia
title_fullStr	Risk Factors and Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Human Rabies Exposure in Northwestern Tigray, Ethiopia
title_full_unstemmed	Risk Factors and Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Human Rabies Exposure in Northwestern Tigray, Ethiopia
title_sort	risk factors and spatio-temporal patterns of human rabies exposure in northwestern tigray, ethiopia
publisher	Ubiquity Press
publishDate	2019
url	https://doaj.org/article/1e35c8a3111142b4becb0f2bfd9f3af9
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Risk Factors and Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Human Rabies Exposure in Northwestern Tigray, Ethiopia

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