Effect of Leg Extension Angle on Knee Flexion Angle during Swing Phase in Post-Stroke Gait

<i>Background and Objectives</i>: Leg extension angle is important for increasing the propulsion force during gait and is a meaningful indicator for evaluating gait quality in stroke patients. Although leg extension angle during late stance might potentially also affect lower limb kinema...

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Autores principales:	Yuta Matsuzawa, Takasuke Miyazaki, Yasufumi Takeshita, Naoto Higashi, Hiroyuki Hayashi, Sota Araki, Shintaro Nakatsuji, Seiji Fukunaga, Masayuki Kawada, Ryoji Kiyama
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	leg extension angle knee flexion angle stroke inertial measurement units gait analysis Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1e35d63b593846dfbf66e13a6e0df22e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1e35d63b593846dfbf66e13a6e0df22e2021-11-25T18:18:43ZEffect of Leg Extension Angle on Knee Flexion Angle during Swing Phase in Post-Stroke Gait10.3390/medicina571112221648-91441010-660Xhttps://doaj.org/article/1e35d63b593846dfbf66e13a6e0df22e2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/57/11/1222https://doaj.org/toc/1010-660Xhttps://doaj.org/toc/1648-9144<i>Background and Objectives</i>: Leg extension angle is important for increasing the propulsion force during gait and is a meaningful indicator for evaluating gait quality in stroke patients. Although leg extension angle during late stance might potentially also affect lower limb kinematics during the swing phase, the relationship between these two remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between leg extension angle and knee flexion angle during pre-swing and swing phase in post-stroke gait. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: Twenty-nine stroke patients walked along a 16 m walkway at a self-selected speed. Tilt angles and acceleration of pelvis and paretic lower limb segments were measured using inertial measurement units. Leg extension angle, consisting of a line connecting the hip joint with the ankle joint, hip and knee angles, and increments of velocity during pre-swing and swing phase were calculated. Correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationships between these parameters. Partial correlation analysis adjusted by the Fugl-Meyer assessment-lower limb (FMA-LL) was also performed. <i>Results</i>: On the paretic side, leg extension angle was positively correlated with knee flexion angle during the swing phase (<i>r</i> = 0.721, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and knee flexion angle and increments of velocity during the pre-swing phase (<i>r</i> = 0.740–0.846, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Partial correlation analysis adjusted by the FMA-LL showed significant correlation between leg extension angle and knee flexion angle during the swing phase (<i>r</i> = 0.602, <i>p</i> = 0.001) and knee flexion angle and increments of velocity during the pre-swing phase (<i>r</i> = 0.655–0.886, <i>p</i> < 0.001). <i>Conclusions</i>: Leg extension angle affected kinematics during the swing phase in post-stroke gait regardless of the severity of paralysis, and was similar during the pre-swing phase. These results would guide the development of effective gait training programs that enable a safe and efficient gait for stroke patients.Yuta MatsuzawaTakasuke MiyazakiYasufumi TakeshitaNaoto HigashiHiroyuki HayashiSota ArakiShintaro NakatsujiSeiji FukunagaMasayuki KawadaRyoji KiyamaMDPI AGarticleleg extension angleknee flexion anglestrokeinertial measurement unitsgait analysisMedicine (General)R5-920ENMedicina, Vol 57, Iss 1222, p 1222 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	leg extension angle knee flexion angle stroke inertial measurement units gait analysis Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	leg extension angle knee flexion angle stroke inertial measurement units gait analysis Medicine (General) R5-920 Yuta Matsuzawa Takasuke Miyazaki Yasufumi Takeshita Naoto Higashi Hiroyuki Hayashi Sota Araki Shintaro Nakatsuji Seiji Fukunaga Masayuki Kawada Ryoji Kiyama Effect of Leg Extension Angle on Knee Flexion Angle during Swing Phase in Post-Stroke Gait
description	<i>Background and Objectives</i>: Leg extension angle is important for increasing the propulsion force during gait and is a meaningful indicator for evaluating gait quality in stroke patients. Although leg extension angle during late stance might potentially also affect lower limb kinematics during the swing phase, the relationship between these two remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between leg extension angle and knee flexion angle during pre-swing and swing phase in post-stroke gait. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: Twenty-nine stroke patients walked along a 16 m walkway at a self-selected speed. Tilt angles and acceleration of pelvis and paretic lower limb segments were measured using inertial measurement units. Leg extension angle, consisting of a line connecting the hip joint with the ankle joint, hip and knee angles, and increments of velocity during pre-swing and swing phase were calculated. Correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationships between these parameters. Partial correlation analysis adjusted by the Fugl-Meyer assessment-lower limb (FMA-LL) was also performed. <i>Results</i>: On the paretic side, leg extension angle was positively correlated with knee flexion angle during the swing phase (<i>r</i> = 0.721, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and knee flexion angle and increments of velocity during the pre-swing phase (<i>r</i> = 0.740–0.846, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Partial correlation analysis adjusted by the FMA-LL showed significant correlation between leg extension angle and knee flexion angle during the swing phase (<i>r</i> = 0.602, <i>p</i> = 0.001) and knee flexion angle and increments of velocity during the pre-swing phase (<i>r</i> = 0.655–0.886, <i>p</i> < 0.001). <i>Conclusions</i>: Leg extension angle affected kinematics during the swing phase in post-stroke gait regardless of the severity of paralysis, and was similar during the pre-swing phase. These results would guide the development of effective gait training programs that enable a safe and efficient gait for stroke patients.
format	article
author	Yuta Matsuzawa Takasuke Miyazaki Yasufumi Takeshita Naoto Higashi Hiroyuki Hayashi Sota Araki Shintaro Nakatsuji Seiji Fukunaga Masayuki Kawada Ryoji Kiyama
author_facet	Yuta Matsuzawa Takasuke Miyazaki Yasufumi Takeshita Naoto Higashi Hiroyuki Hayashi Sota Araki Shintaro Nakatsuji Seiji Fukunaga Masayuki Kawada Ryoji Kiyama
author_sort	Yuta Matsuzawa
title	Effect of Leg Extension Angle on Knee Flexion Angle during Swing Phase in Post-Stroke Gait
title_short	Effect of Leg Extension Angle on Knee Flexion Angle during Swing Phase in Post-Stroke Gait
title_full	Effect of Leg Extension Angle on Knee Flexion Angle during Swing Phase in Post-Stroke Gait
title_fullStr	Effect of Leg Extension Angle on Knee Flexion Angle during Swing Phase in Post-Stroke Gait
title_full_unstemmed	Effect of Leg Extension Angle on Knee Flexion Angle during Swing Phase in Post-Stroke Gait
title_sort	effect of leg extension angle on knee flexion angle during swing phase in post-stroke gait
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/1e35d63b593846dfbf66e13a6e0df22e
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Effect of Leg Extension Angle on Knee Flexion Angle during Swing Phase in Post-Stroke Gait

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