Longitudinal assessment of sleep disordered breathing in Vietnam veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder

Jerome A Yesavage,1,2 Lisa M Kinoshita,1,2 Art Noda,2 Laura C Lazzeroni,2 Jennifer Kaci Fairchild,1,2 Leah Friedman,1,2 Gundeep Sekhon,1,2 Stephanie Thompson,1,2 Jauhtai Cheng,1,2 Jamie M Zeitzer1,2 1Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA; 2Department of Psychiatry an...

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Autores principales:	Yesavage JA, Kinoshita LM, Noda A, Lazzeroni LC, Fairchild JK, Friedman L, Sekhon G, Thompson S, Cheng J, Zeitzer JM
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2014
Materias:	Psychiatry RC435-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1e4387b84ca44406aa12977271af704f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1e4387b84ca44406aa12977271af704f2021-12-02T00:35:57ZLongitudinal assessment of sleep disordered breathing in Vietnam veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder1179-1608https://doaj.org/article/1e4387b84ca44406aa12977271af704f2014-10-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.dovepress.com/longitudinal-assessment-of-sleep-disordered-breathing-in-vietnam-veter-peer-reviewed-article-NSShttps://doaj.org/toc/1179-1608 Jerome A Yesavage,1,2 Lisa M Kinoshita,1,2 Art Noda,2 Laura C Lazzeroni,2 Jennifer Kaci Fairchild,1,2 Leah Friedman,1,2 Gundeep Sekhon,1,2 Stephanie Thompson,1,2 Jauhtai Cheng,1,2 Jamie M Zeitzer1,2 1Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA; 2Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Purpose: Previous work has demonstrated the relatively high prevalence of risk factors for cognitive impairment, such as sleep disordered breathing (SDB) and obesity, in Vietnam War era veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). No data are currently available on the longitudinal stability of SDB as a risk factor for cognitive decline in that population, which this study now reports. Methods: Sample consisted of 48 veterans of the Vietnam War with PTSD who completed longitudinal sleep assessments over a 3-year period. The primary outcome measure, the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) indicator, was determined during standard overnight polysomnography. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated using standard measurements. Measures of cognitive function tapped auditory verbal memory as measured by the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test and executive functioning as measured by the Color-Word Interference Test of the Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System battery. Statistical analyses included mixed effects modeling. Results: In this sample, AHI increased significantly by 2.19 points per year (β=2.19; P<0.005). AHI worsened over the 3-year period, increasing from a mean of 18.7±15.7 to 24.7±17.4 points. Neither BMI nor cognition showed significant change over the 3-year period. Conclusion: SDB worsened in a group of veterans of the Vietnam War with PTSD over a 3-year period. The worsening of SDB over time suggests the need for appropriate countermeasures in populations at risk for progression of the condition. Keywords: SDB, PTSD, sleep apnea, BMI, obesity, cognitionYesavage JAKinoshita LMNoda ALazzeroni LCFairchild JKFriedman LSekhon GThompson SCheng JZeitzer JMDove Medical PressarticlePsychiatryRC435-571Neurophysiology and neuropsychologyQP351-495ENNature and Science of Sleep, Vol 2014, Iss default, Pp 123-127 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Psychiatry RC435-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495
spellingShingle	Psychiatry RC435-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495 Yesavage JA Kinoshita LM Noda A Lazzeroni LC Fairchild JK Friedman L Sekhon G Thompson S Cheng J Zeitzer JM Longitudinal assessment of sleep disordered breathing in Vietnam veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder
description	Jerome A Yesavage,1,2 Lisa M Kinoshita,1,2 Art Noda,2 Laura C Lazzeroni,2 Jennifer Kaci Fairchild,1,2 Leah Friedman,1,2 Gundeep Sekhon,1,2 Stephanie Thompson,1,2 Jauhtai Cheng,1,2 Jamie M Zeitzer1,2 1Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA; 2Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Purpose: Previous work has demonstrated the relatively high prevalence of risk factors for cognitive impairment, such as sleep disordered breathing (SDB) and obesity, in Vietnam War era veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). No data are currently available on the longitudinal stability of SDB as a risk factor for cognitive decline in that population, which this study now reports. Methods: Sample consisted of 48 veterans of the Vietnam War with PTSD who completed longitudinal sleep assessments over a 3-year period. The primary outcome measure, the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) indicator, was determined during standard overnight polysomnography. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated using standard measurements. Measures of cognitive function tapped auditory verbal memory as measured by the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test and executive functioning as measured by the Color-Word Interference Test of the Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System battery. Statistical analyses included mixed effects modeling. Results: In this sample, AHI increased significantly by 2.19 points per year (β=2.19; P<0.005). AHI worsened over the 3-year period, increasing from a mean of 18.7±15.7 to 24.7±17.4 points. Neither BMI nor cognition showed significant change over the 3-year period. Conclusion: SDB worsened in a group of veterans of the Vietnam War with PTSD over a 3-year period. The worsening of SDB over time suggests the need for appropriate countermeasures in populations at risk for progression of the condition. Keywords: SDB, PTSD, sleep apnea, BMI, obesity, cognition
format	article
author	Yesavage JA Kinoshita LM Noda A Lazzeroni LC Fairchild JK Friedman L Sekhon G Thompson S Cheng J Zeitzer JM
author_facet	Yesavage JA Kinoshita LM Noda A Lazzeroni LC Fairchild JK Friedman L Sekhon G Thompson S Cheng J Zeitzer JM
author_sort	Yesavage JA
title	Longitudinal assessment of sleep disordered breathing in Vietnam veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder
title_short	Longitudinal assessment of sleep disordered breathing in Vietnam veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder
title_full	Longitudinal assessment of sleep disordered breathing in Vietnam veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder
title_fullStr	Longitudinal assessment of sleep disordered breathing in Vietnam veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder
title_full_unstemmed	Longitudinal assessment of sleep disordered breathing in Vietnam veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder
title_sort	longitudinal assessment of sleep disordered breathing in vietnam veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/1e4387b84ca44406aa12977271af704f
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Longitudinal assessment of sleep disordered breathing in Vietnam veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder

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