Inhibited biofilm formation and improved antibacterial activity of a novel nanoemulsion against cariogenic Streptococcus mutans in vitro and in vivo

Yun Fei Li,1,2,* Hong Wu Sun,1,2,* Rong Gao,1–3,* Kai Yun Liu,1,2 Hua Qi Zhang,4 Qi Huan Fu,1,2 Sheng Li Qing,1,2 Gang Guo,1,2 Quan Ming Zou1,2,* 1National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, 2Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, 3D...

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Autores principales:	Li YF, Sun HW, Gao R, Liu KY, Zhang HQ, Fu QH, Qing SL, Guo G, Zou QM
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2015
Materias:	Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1e564e7385a54e6a8a651ffdf888f59f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1e564e7385a54e6a8a651ffdf888f59f2021-12-02T02:31:40ZInhibited biofilm formation and improved antibacterial activity of a novel nanoemulsion against cariogenic Streptococcus mutans in vitro and in vivo1178-2013https://doaj.org/article/1e564e7385a54e6a8a651ffdf888f59f2015-01-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.dovepress.com/inhibited-biofilm-formation-and-improved-antibacterial-activity-of-a-n-peer-reviewed-article-IJNhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2013 Yun Fei Li,1,2,* Hong Wu Sun,1,2,* Rong Gao,1–3,* Kai Yun Liu,1,2 Hua Qi Zhang,4 Qi Huan Fu,1,2 Sheng Li Qing,1,2 Gang Guo,1,2 Quan Ming Zou1,2,* 1National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, 2Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, 3Department of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China; 4Wanzhou Institute for Food and Drug Control of Chongqing, Wanzhou, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China *These authors contributed equally to this work Abstract: The aim of this study was to prepare a novel nanoemulsion loaded with poorly water-soluble chlorhexidine acetate (CNE) to improve its solubility, and specifically enhance the antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans in vitro and in vivo. In this study, a novel CNE nanoemulsion with an average size of 63.13 nm and zeta potential of −67.13 mV comprising 0.5% CNE, 19.2% Tween 80, 4.8% propylene glycol, and 6% isopropyl myristate was prepared by the phase inversion method. Important characteristics such as the content, size, zeta potential, and pH value of CNE did not change markedly, stored at room temperature for 1 year. Also, compared with chlorhexidine acetate water solution (CHX), the release profile results show that the CNE has visibly delayed releasing effect in both phosphate-buffered saline and artificial saliva solutions (P<0.005). The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of CHX for S. mutans (both 0.8 µg/mL) are both two times those of CNE (0.4 µg/mL). Besides, CNE of 0.8 µg/mL exhibited fast-acting bactericidal efficacy against S. mutans, causing 95.07% death within 5 minutes, compared to CHX (73.33%) (P<0.01). We observed that 5 mg/mL and 2 mg/mL CNE were both superior to CHX, significantly reducing oral S. mutans numbers and reducing the severity of carious lesions in Sprague Dawley rats (P<0.05), in an in vivo test. CNE treatment at a concentration of 0.2 µg/mL inhibited biofilm formation more effectively than CHX, as indicated by the crystal violet staining method, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The cell membrane of S. mutans was also severely disrupted by 0.2 µg/mL CNE, as indicated by transmission electron microscopy. These results demonstrated that CNE greatly improved the solubility and antimicrobial activity of this agent against S. mutans both in vitro and in vivo. This novel nanoemulsion is a promising medicine for preventing and curing dental caries. Keywords: nanoemulsion, chlorhexidine acetate, Streptococcus mutans, antibacterialLi YFSun HWGao RLiu KYZhang HQFu QHQing SLGuo GZou QMDove Medical PressarticleMedicine (General)R5-920ENInternational Journal of Nanomedicine, Vol 2015, Iss default, Pp 447-462 (2015)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	Medicine (General) R5-920 Li YF Sun HW Gao R Liu KY Zhang HQ Fu QH Qing SL Guo G Zou QM Inhibited biofilm formation and improved antibacterial activity of a novel nanoemulsion against cariogenic Streptococcus mutans in vitro and in vivo
description	Yun Fei Li,1,2,* Hong Wu Sun,1,2,* Rong Gao,1–3,* Kai Yun Liu,1,2 Hua Qi Zhang,4 Qi Huan Fu,1,2 Sheng Li Qing,1,2 Gang Guo,1,2 Quan Ming Zou1,2,* 1National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, 2Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, 3Department of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China; 4Wanzhou Institute for Food and Drug Control of Chongqing, Wanzhou, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China *These authors contributed equally to this work Abstract: The aim of this study was to prepare a novel nanoemulsion loaded with poorly water-soluble chlorhexidine acetate (CNE) to improve its solubility, and specifically enhance the antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans in vitro and in vivo. In this study, a novel CNE nanoemulsion with an average size of 63.13 nm and zeta potential of −67.13 mV comprising 0.5% CNE, 19.2% Tween 80, 4.8% propylene glycol, and 6% isopropyl myristate was prepared by the phase inversion method. Important characteristics such as the content, size, zeta potential, and pH value of CNE did not change markedly, stored at room temperature for 1 year. Also, compared with chlorhexidine acetate water solution (CHX), the release profile results show that the CNE has visibly delayed releasing effect in both phosphate-buffered saline and artificial saliva solutions (P<0.005). The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of CHX for S. mutans (both 0.8 µg/mL) are both two times those of CNE (0.4 µg/mL). Besides, CNE of 0.8 µg/mL exhibited fast-acting bactericidal efficacy against S. mutans, causing 95.07% death within 5 minutes, compared to CHX (73.33%) (P<0.01). We observed that 5 mg/mL and 2 mg/mL CNE were both superior to CHX, significantly reducing oral S. mutans numbers and reducing the severity of carious lesions in Sprague Dawley rats (P<0.05), in an in vivo test. CNE treatment at a concentration of 0.2 µg/mL inhibited biofilm formation more effectively than CHX, as indicated by the crystal violet staining method, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The cell membrane of S. mutans was also severely disrupted by 0.2 µg/mL CNE, as indicated by transmission electron microscopy. These results demonstrated that CNE greatly improved the solubility and antimicrobial activity of this agent against S. mutans both in vitro and in vivo. This novel nanoemulsion is a promising medicine for preventing and curing dental caries. Keywords: nanoemulsion, chlorhexidine acetate, Streptococcus mutans, antibacterial
format	article
author	Li YF Sun HW Gao R Liu KY Zhang HQ Fu QH Qing SL Guo G Zou QM
author_facet	Li YF Sun HW Gao R Liu KY Zhang HQ Fu QH Qing SL Guo G Zou QM
author_sort	Li YF
title	Inhibited biofilm formation and improved antibacterial activity of a novel nanoemulsion against cariogenic Streptococcus mutans in vitro and in vivo
title_short	Inhibited biofilm formation and improved antibacterial activity of a novel nanoemulsion against cariogenic Streptococcus mutans in vitro and in vivo
title_full	Inhibited biofilm formation and improved antibacterial activity of a novel nanoemulsion against cariogenic Streptococcus mutans in vitro and in vivo
title_fullStr	Inhibited biofilm formation and improved antibacterial activity of a novel nanoemulsion against cariogenic Streptococcus mutans in vitro and in vivo
title_full_unstemmed	Inhibited biofilm formation and improved antibacterial activity of a novel nanoemulsion against cariogenic Streptococcus mutans in vitro and in vivo
title_sort	inhibited biofilm formation and improved antibacterial activity of a novel nanoemulsion against cariogenic streptococcus mutans in vitro and in vivo
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2015
url	https://doaj.org/article/1e564e7385a54e6a8a651ffdf888f59f
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Inhibited biofilm formation and improved antibacterial activity of a novel nanoemulsion against cariogenic Streptococcus mutans in vitro and in vivo

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