Azaporphyrins Embedded on Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Potential Use in Electrochemical Sensing—A Review

Phthalocyanines and porphyrazines as macrocyclic aza-analogues of well-known porphyrins were deposited on diverse carbon-based nanomaterials and investigated as sensing devices. The extended π-conjugated electron system of these macrocycles influences their ability to create stable hybrid systems wi...

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Autores principales:	Tomasz Koczorowski, Magdalena Cerbin-Koczorowska, Tomasz Rębiś
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	phthalocyanines porphyrazines graphene carbon nanotubes sensing Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1e6e0f214c7449b7b423ace648fbf128
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1e6e0f214c7449b7b423ace648fbf1282021-11-25T18:30:26ZAzaporphyrins Embedded on Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Potential Use in Electrochemical Sensing—A Review10.3390/nano111128612079-4991https://doaj.org/article/1e6e0f214c7449b7b423ace648fbf1282021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/11/2861https://doaj.org/toc/2079-4991Phthalocyanines and porphyrazines as macrocyclic aza-analogues of well-known porphyrins were deposited on diverse carbon-based nanomaterials and investigated as sensing devices. The extended π-conjugated electron system of these macrocycles influences their ability to create stable hybrid systems with graphene or carbon nanotubes commonly based on π–π stacking interactions. During a 15-year period, the electrodes modified by deposition of these systems have been applied for the determination of diverse analytes, such as food pollutants, heavy metals, catecholamines, thiols, glucose, peroxides, some active pharmaceutical ingredients, and poisonous gases. These procedures have also taken place, on occasion, in the presence of various polymers, ionic liquids, and other moieties. In the review, studies are presented that were performed for sensing purposes, involving azaporphyrins embedded on graphene, graphene oxide or carbon nanotubes (both single and multi-walled ones). Moreover, possible methods of electrode fabrication, limits of detection of each analyte, as well as examples of macrocyclic compounds applied as sensing materials, are critically discussed.Tomasz KoczorowskiMagdalena Cerbin-KoczorowskaTomasz RębiśMDPI AGarticlephthalocyaninesporphyrazinesgraphenecarbon nanotubessensingChemistryQD1-999ENNanomaterials, Vol 11, Iss 2861, p 2861 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	phthalocyanines porphyrazines graphene carbon nanotubes sensing Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	phthalocyanines porphyrazines graphene carbon nanotubes sensing Chemistry QD1-999 Tomasz Koczorowski Magdalena Cerbin-Koczorowska Tomasz Rębiś Azaporphyrins Embedded on Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Potential Use in Electrochemical Sensing—A Review
description	Phthalocyanines and porphyrazines as macrocyclic aza-analogues of well-known porphyrins were deposited on diverse carbon-based nanomaterials and investigated as sensing devices. The extended π-conjugated electron system of these macrocycles influences their ability to create stable hybrid systems with graphene or carbon nanotubes commonly based on π–π stacking interactions. During a 15-year period, the electrodes modified by deposition of these systems have been applied for the determination of diverse analytes, such as food pollutants, heavy metals, catecholamines, thiols, glucose, peroxides, some active pharmaceutical ingredients, and poisonous gases. These procedures have also taken place, on occasion, in the presence of various polymers, ionic liquids, and other moieties. In the review, studies are presented that were performed for sensing purposes, involving azaporphyrins embedded on graphene, graphene oxide or carbon nanotubes (both single and multi-walled ones). Moreover, possible methods of electrode fabrication, limits of detection of each analyte, as well as examples of macrocyclic compounds applied as sensing materials, are critically discussed.
format	article
author	Tomasz Koczorowski Magdalena Cerbin-Koczorowska Tomasz Rębiś
author_facet	Tomasz Koczorowski Magdalena Cerbin-Koczorowska Tomasz Rębiś
author_sort	Tomasz Koczorowski
title	Azaporphyrins Embedded on Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Potential Use in Electrochemical Sensing—A Review
title_short	Azaporphyrins Embedded on Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Potential Use in Electrochemical Sensing—A Review
title_full	Azaporphyrins Embedded on Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Potential Use in Electrochemical Sensing—A Review
title_fullStr	Azaporphyrins Embedded on Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Potential Use in Electrochemical Sensing—A Review
title_full_unstemmed	Azaporphyrins Embedded on Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Potential Use in Electrochemical Sensing—A Review
title_sort	azaporphyrins embedded on carbon-based nanomaterials for potential use in electrochemical sensing—a review
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/1e6e0f214c7449b7b423ace648fbf128
work_keys_str_mv	AT tomaszkoczorowski azaporphyrinsembeddedoncarbonbasednanomaterialsforpotentialuseinelectrochemicalsensingareview AT magdalenacerbinkoczorowska azaporphyrinsembeddedoncarbonbasednanomaterialsforpotentialuseinelectrochemicalsensingareview AT tomaszrebis azaporphyrinsembeddedoncarbonbasednanomaterialsforpotentialuseinelectrochemicalsensingareview
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Azaporphyrins Embedded on Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Potential Use in Electrochemical Sensing—A Review

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