Biological Therapies in the Treatment of Cancer—Update and New Directions

Biological therapies have changed the face of oncology by targeting cancerous cells while reducing the effect on normal tissue. This publication focuses mainly on new therapies that have contributed to the advances in treatment of certain malignancies. Immunotherapy, which has repeatedly proven to b...

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Autores principales:	Monika A. Papież, Wirginia Krzyściak
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	biological therapy cancer recombinant antibodies CAR T cells oncolytic viruses cancer vaccines Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1e863285de844156a40e77ac890a23a4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1e863285de844156a40e77ac890a23a42021-11-11T17:09:19ZBiological Therapies in the Treatment of Cancer—Update and New Directions10.3390/ijms2221116941422-00671661-6596https://doaj.org/article/1e863285de844156a40e77ac890a23a42021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/21/11694https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067Biological therapies have changed the face of oncology by targeting cancerous cells while reducing the effect on normal tissue. This publication focuses mainly on new therapies that have contributed to the advances in treatment of certain malignancies. Immunotherapy, which has repeatedly proven to be a breakthrough therapy in melanoma, as well as B-ALL therapy with CAR T cells, are of great merit in this progress. These therapies are currently being developed by modifying bispecific antibodies and CAR T cells to improve their efficiency and bioavailability. Work on improving the therapy with oncolytic viruses is also progressing, and efforts are being made to improve the immunogenicity and stability of cancer vaccines. Combining various biological therapies, immunotherapy with oncolytic viruses or cancer vaccines is gaining importance in cancer therapy. New therapeutic targets are intensively sought among neoantigens, which are not immunocompromised, or antigens associated with tumor stroma cells. An example is fibroblast activation protein α (FAPα), the overexpression of which is observed in the case of tumor progression. Universal therapeutic targets are also sought, such as the neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase (NTRK) gene fusion, a key genetic driver present in many types of cancer. This review also raises the problem of the tumor microenvironment. Stromal cells can protect tumor cells from chemotherapy and contribute to relapse and progression. This publication also addresses the problem of cancer stem cells resistance to treatment and presents attempts to avoid this phenomenon. This review focuses on the most important strategies used to improve the selectivity of biological therapies.Monika A. PapieżWirginia KrzyściakMDPI AGarticlebiological therapycancerrecombinant antibodiesCAR T cellsoncolytic virusescancer vaccinesBiology (General)QH301-705.5ChemistryQD1-999ENInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 11694, p 11694 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	biological therapy cancer recombinant antibodies CAR T cells oncolytic viruses cancer vaccines Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	biological therapy cancer recombinant antibodies CAR T cells oncolytic viruses cancer vaccines Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 Monika A. Papież Wirginia Krzyściak Biological Therapies in the Treatment of Cancer—Update and New Directions
description	Biological therapies have changed the face of oncology by targeting cancerous cells while reducing the effect on normal tissue. This publication focuses mainly on new therapies that have contributed to the advances in treatment of certain malignancies. Immunotherapy, which has repeatedly proven to be a breakthrough therapy in melanoma, as well as B-ALL therapy with CAR T cells, are of great merit in this progress. These therapies are currently being developed by modifying bispecific antibodies and CAR T cells to improve their efficiency and bioavailability. Work on improving the therapy with oncolytic viruses is also progressing, and efforts are being made to improve the immunogenicity and stability of cancer vaccines. Combining various biological therapies, immunotherapy with oncolytic viruses or cancer vaccines is gaining importance in cancer therapy. New therapeutic targets are intensively sought among neoantigens, which are not immunocompromised, or antigens associated with tumor stroma cells. An example is fibroblast activation protein α (FAPα), the overexpression of which is observed in the case of tumor progression. Universal therapeutic targets are also sought, such as the neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase (NTRK) gene fusion, a key genetic driver present in many types of cancer. This review also raises the problem of the tumor microenvironment. Stromal cells can protect tumor cells from chemotherapy and contribute to relapse and progression. This publication also addresses the problem of cancer stem cells resistance to treatment and presents attempts to avoid this phenomenon. This review focuses on the most important strategies used to improve the selectivity of biological therapies.
format	article
author	Monika A. Papież Wirginia Krzyściak
author_facet	Monika A. Papież Wirginia Krzyściak
author_sort	Monika A. Papież
title	Biological Therapies in the Treatment of Cancer—Update and New Directions
title_short	Biological Therapies in the Treatment of Cancer—Update and New Directions
title_full	Biological Therapies in the Treatment of Cancer—Update and New Directions
title_fullStr	Biological Therapies in the Treatment of Cancer—Update and New Directions
title_full_unstemmed	Biological Therapies in the Treatment of Cancer—Update and New Directions
title_sort	biological therapies in the treatment of cancer—update and new directions
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/1e863285de844156a40e77ac890a23a4
work_keys_str_mv	AT monikaapapiez biologicaltherapiesinthetreatmentofcancerupdateandnewdirections AT wirginiakrzysciak biologicaltherapiesinthetreatmentofcancerupdateandnewdirections
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Biological Therapies in the Treatment of Cancer—Update and New Directions

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