Etiology of Anemia in Older Mexican Adults: The Role of Hepcidin, Vitamin A and Vitamin D

Anemia in older adults is a growing public health issue in Mexico; however, its etiology remains largely unknown. Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) and vitamin D deficiency (VDD) have been implicated in the development of anemia, though by different mechanisms. The aim of this study is to analyze the etiol...

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Autores principales:	Vanessa De la Cruz-Góngora, Aarón Salinas-Rodríguez, Mario Flores-Aldana, Salvador Villalpando
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	anemia vitamin A vitamin D hepcidin inflammation older adults Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1e88b987156342959c85045953e74ef2
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1e88b987156342959c85045953e74ef22021-11-25T18:34:22ZEtiology of Anemia in Older Mexican Adults: The Role of Hepcidin, Vitamin A and Vitamin D10.3390/nu131138142072-6643https://doaj.org/article/1e88b987156342959c85045953e74ef22021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/11/3814https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6643Anemia in older adults is a growing public health issue in Mexico; however, its etiology remains largely unknown. Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) and vitamin D deficiency (VDD) have been implicated in the development of anemia, though by different mechanisms. The aim of this study is to analyze the etiology of anemia and anemia-related factors in older Mexican adults. This is a cross-sectional study of 803 older adults from the southern region of Mexico in 2015. The anemia etiologies analyzed were chronic kidney disease (CKD), nutritional deficiencies (ND), anemia of inflammation (AI), anemia of multiple causes (AMC) and unexplained anemia (UEA). VAD was considered to be s-retinol ≤ 20 μg/dL, and VDD if 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L. IL-6 and hepcidin were also measured. Multinomial regression models were generated and adjusted for confounders. Anemia was present in 35.7% of OA, independent of sex. UEA, CKD, AI and ND were confirmed in 45%, 29.3%, 14.6% and 7% of older adults with anemia, respectively. Hepcidin and log IL-6 were associated with AI (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and CKD (<i>p</i> < 0.001). VAD was associated with AI (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and VDD with ND and AMC (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Log-IL6 was associated with UEA (<i>p</i> < 0.001). In conclusion, anemia in older adults has an inflammatory component. VAD was associated to AI and VDD with ND and AMC.Vanessa De la Cruz-GóngoraAarón Salinas-RodríguezMario Flores-AldanaSalvador VillalpandoMDPI AGarticleanemiavitamin Avitamin Dhepcidininflammationolder adultsNutrition. Foods and food supplyTX341-641ENNutrients, Vol 13, Iss 3814, p 3814 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	anemia vitamin A vitamin D hepcidin inflammation older adults Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641
spellingShingle	anemia vitamin A vitamin D hepcidin inflammation older adults Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641 Vanessa De la Cruz-Góngora Aarón Salinas-Rodríguez Mario Flores-Aldana Salvador Villalpando Etiology of Anemia in Older Mexican Adults: The Role of Hepcidin, Vitamin A and Vitamin D
description	Anemia in older adults is a growing public health issue in Mexico; however, its etiology remains largely unknown. Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) and vitamin D deficiency (VDD) have been implicated in the development of anemia, though by different mechanisms. The aim of this study is to analyze the etiology of anemia and anemia-related factors in older Mexican adults. This is a cross-sectional study of 803 older adults from the southern region of Mexico in 2015. The anemia etiologies analyzed were chronic kidney disease (CKD), nutritional deficiencies (ND), anemia of inflammation (AI), anemia of multiple causes (AMC) and unexplained anemia (UEA). VAD was considered to be s-retinol ≤ 20 μg/dL, and VDD if 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L. IL-6 and hepcidin were also measured. Multinomial regression models were generated and adjusted for confounders. Anemia was present in 35.7% of OA, independent of sex. UEA, CKD, AI and ND were confirmed in 45%, 29.3%, 14.6% and 7% of older adults with anemia, respectively. Hepcidin and log IL-6 were associated with AI (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and CKD (<i>p</i> < 0.001). VAD was associated with AI (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and VDD with ND and AMC (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Log-IL6 was associated with UEA (<i>p</i> < 0.001). In conclusion, anemia in older adults has an inflammatory component. VAD was associated to AI and VDD with ND and AMC.
format	article
author	Vanessa De la Cruz-Góngora Aarón Salinas-Rodríguez Mario Flores-Aldana Salvador Villalpando
author_facet	Vanessa De la Cruz-Góngora Aarón Salinas-Rodríguez Mario Flores-Aldana Salvador Villalpando
author_sort	Vanessa De la Cruz-Góngora
title	Etiology of Anemia in Older Mexican Adults: The Role of Hepcidin, Vitamin A and Vitamin D
title_short	Etiology of Anemia in Older Mexican Adults: The Role of Hepcidin, Vitamin A and Vitamin D
title_full	Etiology of Anemia in Older Mexican Adults: The Role of Hepcidin, Vitamin A and Vitamin D
title_fullStr	Etiology of Anemia in Older Mexican Adults: The Role of Hepcidin, Vitamin A and Vitamin D
title_full_unstemmed	Etiology of Anemia in Older Mexican Adults: The Role of Hepcidin, Vitamin A and Vitamin D
title_sort	etiology of anemia in older mexican adults: the role of hepcidin, vitamin a and vitamin d
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/1e88b987156342959c85045953e74ef2
work_keys_str_mv	AT vanessadelacruzgongora etiologyofanemiainoldermexicanadultstheroleofhepcidinvitaminaandvitamind AT aaronsalinasrodriguez etiologyofanemiainoldermexicanadultstheroleofhepcidinvitaminaandvitamind AT mariofloresaldana etiologyofanemiainoldermexicanadultstheroleofhepcidinvitaminaandvitamind AT salvadorvillalpando etiologyofanemiainoldermexicanadultstheroleofhepcidinvitaminaandvitamind
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Etiology of Anemia in Older Mexican Adults: The Role of Hepcidin, Vitamin A and Vitamin D

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