Effects of Freeze-Thaw and Wet-Dry Cycles on Tension Stiffening Behavior of Reinforced RAC Elements

In the last several decades, the growth of Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) production and the increased consumption of natural resources have led to promoting the use of secondary raw materials for a more sustainable construction. Specifically, the use of Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA), d...

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Autores principales:	Caroline Santana Rangel, Marco Pepe, Mayara Amario, Lucas Caon Menegatti, Enzo Martinelli, Romildo Dias Toledo Filho
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) Recycled Aggregate Concrete (RAC) reinforced concrete tension stiffening durability freeze-thaw cycles Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1e8f203cc5e24b44b92bd5f033bcb81c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1e8f203cc5e24b44b92bd5f033bcb81c2021-11-11T15:08:06ZEffects of Freeze-Thaw and Wet-Dry Cycles on Tension Stiffening Behavior of Reinforced RAC Elements10.3390/app1121100632076-3417https://doaj.org/article/1e8f203cc5e24b44b92bd5f033bcb81c2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/21/10063https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3417In the last several decades, the growth of Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) production and the increased consumption of natural resources have led to promoting the use of secondary raw materials for a more sustainable construction. Specifically, the use of Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA), derived from waste concrete, for the production of Recycled Aggregate Concrete (RAC) has attracted a significant interest both in industry and in academia. However, the use of RAC in field applications still finds some barriers. In this context, the present study investigates experimentally the effects of freeze-thaw and wet-dry cycles on the stress transfer mechanisms of reinforced RAC elements through tension stiffening tests. First of all, the paper presents a detailed analysis of the degradation due to the aging process of RAC with RCAs obtained from different sources. Particularly, the results of tension stiffening tests are analyzed in terms of crack formation and propagation, matrix tensile strength contribution and steel-to-concrete bond. The results highlight that the pre-cracking elastic modulus, the first crack strength as well as the maximum concrete strength are strongly influenced by the presence of the Attached Mortar (AM) in RCA, as the former affects the concrete’s open porosity. Therefore, the amount of AM is identified as the key parameter for the evaluation of durability of reinforced RAC members: a degradation-law is also proposed which correlates the initial concrete open porosity with the damage observed in reinforced RAC elements.Caroline Santana RangelMarco PepeMayara AmarioLucas Caon MenegattiEnzo MartinelliRomildo Dias Toledo FilhoMDPI AGarticleRecycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA)Recycled Aggregate Concrete (RAC)reinforced concretetension stiffeningdurabilityfreeze-thaw cyclesTechnologyTEngineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040Biology (General)QH301-705.5PhysicsQC1-999ChemistryQD1-999ENApplied Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 10063, p 10063 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) Recycled Aggregate Concrete (RAC) reinforced concrete tension stiffening durability freeze-thaw cycles Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) Recycled Aggregate Concrete (RAC) reinforced concrete tension stiffening durability freeze-thaw cycles Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 Caroline Santana Rangel Marco Pepe Mayara Amario Lucas Caon Menegatti Enzo Martinelli Romildo Dias Toledo Filho Effects of Freeze-Thaw and Wet-Dry Cycles on Tension Stiffening Behavior of Reinforced RAC Elements
description	In the last several decades, the growth of Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) production and the increased consumption of natural resources have led to promoting the use of secondary raw materials for a more sustainable construction. Specifically, the use of Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA), derived from waste concrete, for the production of Recycled Aggregate Concrete (RAC) has attracted a significant interest both in industry and in academia. However, the use of RAC in field applications still finds some barriers. In this context, the present study investigates experimentally the effects of freeze-thaw and wet-dry cycles on the stress transfer mechanisms of reinforced RAC elements through tension stiffening tests. First of all, the paper presents a detailed analysis of the degradation due to the aging process of RAC with RCAs obtained from different sources. Particularly, the results of tension stiffening tests are analyzed in terms of crack formation and propagation, matrix tensile strength contribution and steel-to-concrete bond. The results highlight that the pre-cracking elastic modulus, the first crack strength as well as the maximum concrete strength are strongly influenced by the presence of the Attached Mortar (AM) in RCA, as the former affects the concrete’s open porosity. Therefore, the amount of AM is identified as the key parameter for the evaluation of durability of reinforced RAC members: a degradation-law is also proposed which correlates the initial concrete open porosity with the damage observed in reinforced RAC elements.
format	article
author	Caroline Santana Rangel Marco Pepe Mayara Amario Lucas Caon Menegatti Enzo Martinelli Romildo Dias Toledo Filho
author_facet	Caroline Santana Rangel Marco Pepe Mayara Amario Lucas Caon Menegatti Enzo Martinelli Romildo Dias Toledo Filho
author_sort	Caroline Santana Rangel
title	Effects of Freeze-Thaw and Wet-Dry Cycles on Tension Stiffening Behavior of Reinforced RAC Elements
title_short	Effects of Freeze-Thaw and Wet-Dry Cycles on Tension Stiffening Behavior of Reinforced RAC Elements
title_full	Effects of Freeze-Thaw and Wet-Dry Cycles on Tension Stiffening Behavior of Reinforced RAC Elements
title_fullStr	Effects of Freeze-Thaw and Wet-Dry Cycles on Tension Stiffening Behavior of Reinforced RAC Elements
title_full_unstemmed	Effects of Freeze-Thaw and Wet-Dry Cycles on Tension Stiffening Behavior of Reinforced RAC Elements
title_sort	effects of freeze-thaw and wet-dry cycles on tension stiffening behavior of reinforced rac elements
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/1e8f203cc5e24b44b92bd5f033bcb81c
work_keys_str_mv	AT carolinesantanarangel effectsoffreezethawandwetdrycyclesontensionstiffeningbehaviorofreinforcedracelements AT marcopepe effectsoffreezethawandwetdrycyclesontensionstiffeningbehaviorofreinforcedracelements AT mayaraamario effectsoffreezethawandwetdrycyclesontensionstiffeningbehaviorofreinforcedracelements AT lucascaonmenegatti effectsoffreezethawandwetdrycyclesontensionstiffeningbehaviorofreinforcedracelements AT enzomartinelli effectsoffreezethawandwetdrycyclesontensionstiffeningbehaviorofreinforcedracelements AT romildodiastoledofilho effectsoffreezethawandwetdrycyclesontensionstiffeningbehaviorofreinforcedracelements
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Effects of Freeze-Thaw and Wet-Dry Cycles on Tension Stiffening Behavior of Reinforced RAC Elements

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