Methodology to obtain highly resolved SO2 vertical profiles for representation of volcanic emissions in climate models

In this study we describe a methodology to create high-vertical-resolution SO2 profiles from volcanic emissions. We demonstrate the method's performance for the volcanic clouds following the eruption of Sa...

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Autores principales:	O. S. Sandvik, J. Friberg, M. K. Sporre, B. G. Martinsson
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Copernicus Publications 2021
Materias:	Environmental engineering TA170-171 Earthwork. Foundations TA715-787
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1e910eac4aa549fab831f0d9056e2cbb
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1e910eac4aa549fab831f0d9056e2cbb2021-11-16T07:34:07ZMethodology to obtain highly resolved SO<sub>2</sub> vertical profiles for representation of volcanic emissions in climate models10.5194/amt-14-7153-20211867-13811867-8548https://doaj.org/article/1e910eac4aa549fab831f0d9056e2cbb2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://amt.copernicus.org/articles/14/7153/2021/amt-14-7153-2021.pdfhttps://doaj.org/toc/1867-1381https://doaj.org/toc/1867-8548<p>In this study we describe a methodology to create high-vertical-resolution SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> profiles from volcanic emissions. We demonstrate the method's performance for the volcanic clouds following the eruption of Sarychev in June 2009. The resulting profiles are based on a combination of satellite SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> and aerosol retrievals together with trajectory modelling. We use satellite-based measurements, namely lidar backscattering profiles from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) satellite instrument, to create vertical profiles for SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> swaths from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) aboard the Aqua satellite. Vertical profiles are created by transporting the air containing volcanic aerosol seen in CALIOP observations using the FLEXible PARTicle dispersion model (FLEXPART) while preserving the high vertical resolution using the potential temperatures from the MERRA-2 (Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Application) meteorological data for the original CALIOP swaths. For the Sarychev eruption, air tracers from 75 CALIOP swaths within 9 d after the eruption are transported forwards and backwards and then combined at a point in time when AIRS swaths cover the complete volcanic SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> cloud. Our method creates vertical distributions for column density observations of SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> for individual AIRS swaths, using height information from multiple CALIOP swaths. The resulting dataset gives insight into the height distribution in the different sub-clouds of SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> within the stratosphere. We have compiled a gridded high-vertical-resolution SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> inventory that can be used in Earth system models, with a vertical resolution of 1 K in potential temperature, 61 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 56 m, or 1.8 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 2.9 mbar.</p>O. S. SandvikJ. FribergM. K. SporreB. G. MartinssonCopernicus PublicationsarticleEnvironmental engineeringTA170-171Earthwork. FoundationsTA715-787ENAtmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol 14, Pp 7153-7165 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Environmental engineering TA170-171 Earthwork. Foundations TA715-787
spellingShingle	Environmental engineering TA170-171 Earthwork. Foundations TA715-787 O. S. Sandvik J. Friberg M. K. Sporre B. G. Martinsson Methodology to obtain highly resolved SO<sub>2</sub> vertical profiles for representation of volcanic emissions in climate models
description	<p>In this study we describe a methodology to create high-vertical-resolution SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> profiles from volcanic emissions. We demonstrate the method's performance for the volcanic clouds following the eruption of Sarychev in June 2009. The resulting profiles are based on a combination of satellite SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> and aerosol retrievals together with trajectory modelling. We use satellite-based measurements, namely lidar backscattering profiles from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) satellite instrument, to create vertical profiles for SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> swaths from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) aboard the Aqua satellite. Vertical profiles are created by transporting the air containing volcanic aerosol seen in CALIOP observations using the FLEXible PARTicle dispersion model (FLEXPART) while preserving the high vertical resolution using the potential temperatures from the MERRA-2 (Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Application) meteorological data for the original CALIOP swaths. For the Sarychev eruption, air tracers from 75 CALIOP swaths within 9 d after the eruption are transported forwards and backwards and then combined at a point in time when AIRS swaths cover the complete volcanic SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> cloud. Our method creates vertical distributions for column density observations of SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> for individual AIRS swaths, using height information from multiple CALIOP swaths. The resulting dataset gives insight into the height distribution in the different sub-clouds of SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> within the stratosphere. We have compiled a gridded high-vertical-resolution SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> inventory that can be used in Earth system models, with a vertical resolution of 1 K in potential temperature, 61 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 56 m, or 1.8 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 2.9 mbar.</p>
format	article
author	O. S. Sandvik J. Friberg M. K. Sporre B. G. Martinsson
author_facet	O. S. Sandvik J. Friberg M. K. Sporre B. G. Martinsson
author_sort	O. S. Sandvik
title	Methodology to obtain highly resolved SO<sub>2</sub> vertical profiles for representation of volcanic emissions in climate models
title_short	Methodology to obtain highly resolved SO<sub>2</sub> vertical profiles for representation of volcanic emissions in climate models
title_full	Methodology to obtain highly resolved SO<sub>2</sub> vertical profiles for representation of volcanic emissions in climate models
title_fullStr	Methodology to obtain highly resolved SO<sub>2</sub> vertical profiles for representation of volcanic emissions in climate models
title_full_unstemmed	Methodology to obtain highly resolved SO<sub>2</sub> vertical profiles for representation of volcanic emissions in climate models
title_sort	methodology to obtain highly resolved so<sub>2</sub> vertical profiles for representation of volcanic emissions in climate models
publisher	Copernicus Publications
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/1e910eac4aa549fab831f0d9056e2cbb
work_keys_str_mv	AT ossandvik methodologytoobtainhighlyresolvedsosub2subverticalprofilesforrepresentationofvolcanicemissionsinclimatemodels AT jfriberg methodologytoobtainhighlyresolvedsosub2subverticalprofilesforrepresentationofvolcanicemissionsinclimatemodels AT mksporre methodologytoobtainhighlyresolvedsosub2subverticalprofilesforrepresentationofvolcanicemissionsinclimatemodels AT bgmartinsson methodologytoobtainhighlyresolvedsosub2subverticalprofilesforrepresentationofvolcanicemissionsinclimatemodels
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Methodology to obtain highly resolved SO<sub>2</sub> vertical profiles for representation of volcanic emissions in climate models

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