Oxidative Stress and Autophagy as Key Targets in Melanoma Cell Fate

Melanoma originates from the malignant transformation of melanocytes and is one of the most aggressive forms of cancer. The recent approval of several drugs has increased the chance of survival although a significant subset of patients with metastatic melanoma do not show a long-lasting response to...

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Autores principales:	Elisabetta Catalani, Matteo Giovarelli, Silvia Zecchini, Cristiana Perrotta, Davide Cervia
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	reactive oxygen and nitrogen species autophagosomes cell death and survival anti and pro-oxidants autophagy modulators skin cancer Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1e9733487e2d4d84802337f4724e1aed
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1e9733487e2d4d84802337f4724e1aed2021-11-25T17:04:02ZOxidative Stress and Autophagy as Key Targets in Melanoma Cell Fate10.3390/cancers132257912072-6694https://doaj.org/article/1e9733487e2d4d84802337f4724e1aed2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/22/5791https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6694Melanoma originates from the malignant transformation of melanocytes and is one of the most aggressive forms of cancer. The recent approval of several drugs has increased the chance of survival although a significant subset of patients with metastatic melanoma do not show a long-lasting response to these treatments. The complex cross-talk between oxidative stress and the catabolic process autophagy seems to play a central role in all aspects of melanoma pathophysiology, from initiation to progression and metastasis, including drug resistance. However, determining the fine role of autophagy in cancer death and in response to redox disruption is still a fundamental challenge in order to advance both basic and translational aspects of this field. In order to summarize the interactions among reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, autophagy machinery and proliferation/growth/death/apoptosis/survival, we provide here a narrative review of the preclinical evidence for drugs/treatments that modulate oxidative stress and autophagy in melanoma cells. The significance and the potential for pharmacological targeting (also through multiple and combination approaches) of these two different events, which can contribute independently or simultaneously to the fate of melanoma, may help to define new processes and their interconnections underlying skin cancer biology and unravel new reliable approaches.Elisabetta CatalaniMatteo GiovarelliSilvia ZecchiniCristiana PerrottaDavide CerviaMDPI AGarticlereactive oxygen and nitrogen speciesautophagosomescell death and survivalanti and pro-oxidantsautophagy modulatorsskin cancerNeoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogensRC254-282ENCancers, Vol 13, Iss 5791, p 5791 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	reactive oxygen and nitrogen species autophagosomes cell death and survival anti and pro-oxidants autophagy modulators skin cancer Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282
spellingShingle	reactive oxygen and nitrogen species autophagosomes cell death and survival anti and pro-oxidants autophagy modulators skin cancer Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282 Elisabetta Catalani Matteo Giovarelli Silvia Zecchini Cristiana Perrotta Davide Cervia Oxidative Stress and Autophagy as Key Targets in Melanoma Cell Fate
description	Melanoma originates from the malignant transformation of melanocytes and is one of the most aggressive forms of cancer. The recent approval of several drugs has increased the chance of survival although a significant subset of patients with metastatic melanoma do not show a long-lasting response to these treatments. The complex cross-talk between oxidative stress and the catabolic process autophagy seems to play a central role in all aspects of melanoma pathophysiology, from initiation to progression and metastasis, including drug resistance. However, determining the fine role of autophagy in cancer death and in response to redox disruption is still a fundamental challenge in order to advance both basic and translational aspects of this field. In order to summarize the interactions among reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, autophagy machinery and proliferation/growth/death/apoptosis/survival, we provide here a narrative review of the preclinical evidence for drugs/treatments that modulate oxidative stress and autophagy in melanoma cells. The significance and the potential for pharmacological targeting (also through multiple and combination approaches) of these two different events, which can contribute independently or simultaneously to the fate of melanoma, may help to define new processes and their interconnections underlying skin cancer biology and unravel new reliable approaches.
format	article
author	Elisabetta Catalani Matteo Giovarelli Silvia Zecchini Cristiana Perrotta Davide Cervia
author_facet	Elisabetta Catalani Matteo Giovarelli Silvia Zecchini Cristiana Perrotta Davide Cervia
author_sort	Elisabetta Catalani
title	Oxidative Stress and Autophagy as Key Targets in Melanoma Cell Fate
title_short	Oxidative Stress and Autophagy as Key Targets in Melanoma Cell Fate
title_full	Oxidative Stress and Autophagy as Key Targets in Melanoma Cell Fate
title_fullStr	Oxidative Stress and Autophagy as Key Targets in Melanoma Cell Fate
title_full_unstemmed	Oxidative Stress and Autophagy as Key Targets in Melanoma Cell Fate
title_sort	oxidative stress and autophagy as key targets in melanoma cell fate
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/1e9733487e2d4d84802337f4724e1aed
work_keys_str_mv	AT elisabettacatalani oxidativestressandautophagyaskeytargetsinmelanomacellfate AT matteogiovarelli oxidativestressandautophagyaskeytargetsinmelanomacellfate AT silviazecchini oxidativestressandautophagyaskeytargetsinmelanomacellfate AT cristianaperrotta oxidativestressandautophagyaskeytargetsinmelanomacellfate AT davidecervia oxidativestressandautophagyaskeytargetsinmelanomacellfate
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Oxidative Stress and Autophagy as Key Targets in Melanoma Cell Fate

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