Nano- and Macroscale Imaging of Cholesterol Linoleate and Human Beta Defensin 2-Induced Changes in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Biofilms

The biofilm production of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (PA) is central to establishing chronic infection in the airways in cystic fibrosis. Epithelial cells secrete an array of innate immune factors, including antimicrobial proteins and lipids, such as human beta defensin 2 (HBD2) and c...

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Autores principales:	Brent A. Beadell, Andy Chieng, Kevin R. Parducho, Zhipeng Dai, Sam On Ho, Gary Fujii, Yixian Wang, Edith Porter
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	airways antimicrobial lipids antimicrobial peptides atomic force microscopy biofilm cholesteryl linoleate Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1eabbae4fcd94da5882606150d3e684a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1eabbae4fcd94da5882606150d3e684a2021-11-25T16:21:52ZNano- and Macroscale Imaging of Cholesterol Linoleate and Human Beta Defensin 2-Induced Changes in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Biofilms10.3390/antibiotics101112792079-6382https://doaj.org/article/1eabbae4fcd94da5882606150d3e684a2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/10/11/1279https://doaj.org/toc/2079-6382The biofilm production of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (PA) is central to establishing chronic infection in the airways in cystic fibrosis. Epithelial cells secrete an array of innate immune factors, including antimicrobial proteins and lipids, such as human beta defensin 2 (HBD2) and cholesteryl lineolate (CL), respectively, to combat colonization by pathogens. We have recently shown that HBD2 inhibits biofilm production by PA, possibly linked to interference with the transport of biofilm precursors. Considering that both HBD2 and CL are increased in airway fluids during infection, we hypothesized that CL synergizes with HBD2 in biofilm inhibition. CL was formulated in phospholipid-based liposomes (CL-PL). As measured by atomic force microscopy of single bacteria, CL-PL alone and in combination with HBD2 significantly increased bacterial surface roughness. Additionally, extracellular structures emanated from untreated bacterial cells, but not from cells treated with CL-PL and HBD2 alone and in combination. Crystal violet staining of the biofilm revealed that CL-PL combined with HBD2 effected a significant decrease of biofilm mass and increased the number of larger biofilm particles consistent with altered cohesion of formed biofilms. These data suggest that CL and HBD2 affect PA biofilm formation at the single cell and community-wide level and that the community-wide effects of CL are enhanced by HBD2. This research may inform future novel treatments for recalcitrant infections in the airways of CF patients.Brent A. BeadellAndy ChiengKevin R. ParduchoZhipeng DaiSam On HoGary FujiiYixian WangEdith PorterMDPI AGarticleairwaysantimicrobial lipidsantimicrobial peptidesatomic force microscopybiofilmcholesteryl linoleateTherapeutics. PharmacologyRM1-950ENAntibiotics, Vol 10, Iss 1279, p 1279 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	airways antimicrobial lipids antimicrobial peptides atomic force microscopy biofilm cholesteryl linoleate Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
spellingShingle	airways antimicrobial lipids antimicrobial peptides atomic force microscopy biofilm cholesteryl linoleate Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950 Brent A. Beadell Andy Chieng Kevin R. Parducho Zhipeng Dai Sam On Ho Gary Fujii Yixian Wang Edith Porter Nano- and Macroscale Imaging of Cholesterol Linoleate and Human Beta Defensin 2-Induced Changes in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Biofilms
description	The biofilm production of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (PA) is central to establishing chronic infection in the airways in cystic fibrosis. Epithelial cells secrete an array of innate immune factors, including antimicrobial proteins and lipids, such as human beta defensin 2 (HBD2) and cholesteryl lineolate (CL), respectively, to combat colonization by pathogens. We have recently shown that HBD2 inhibits biofilm production by PA, possibly linked to interference with the transport of biofilm precursors. Considering that both HBD2 and CL are increased in airway fluids during infection, we hypothesized that CL synergizes with HBD2 in biofilm inhibition. CL was formulated in phospholipid-based liposomes (CL-PL). As measured by atomic force microscopy of single bacteria, CL-PL alone and in combination with HBD2 significantly increased bacterial surface roughness. Additionally, extracellular structures emanated from untreated bacterial cells, but not from cells treated with CL-PL and HBD2 alone and in combination. Crystal violet staining of the biofilm revealed that CL-PL combined with HBD2 effected a significant decrease of biofilm mass and increased the number of larger biofilm particles consistent with altered cohesion of formed biofilms. These data suggest that CL and HBD2 affect PA biofilm formation at the single cell and community-wide level and that the community-wide effects of CL are enhanced by HBD2. This research may inform future novel treatments for recalcitrant infections in the airways of CF patients.
format	article
author	Brent A. Beadell Andy Chieng Kevin R. Parducho Zhipeng Dai Sam On Ho Gary Fujii Yixian Wang Edith Porter
author_facet	Brent A. Beadell Andy Chieng Kevin R. Parducho Zhipeng Dai Sam On Ho Gary Fujii Yixian Wang Edith Porter
author_sort	Brent A. Beadell
title	Nano- and Macroscale Imaging of Cholesterol Linoleate and Human Beta Defensin 2-Induced Changes in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Biofilms
title_short	Nano- and Macroscale Imaging of Cholesterol Linoleate and Human Beta Defensin 2-Induced Changes in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Biofilms
title_full	Nano- and Macroscale Imaging of Cholesterol Linoleate and Human Beta Defensin 2-Induced Changes in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Biofilms
title_fullStr	Nano- and Macroscale Imaging of Cholesterol Linoleate and Human Beta Defensin 2-Induced Changes in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Biofilms
title_full_unstemmed	Nano- and Macroscale Imaging of Cholesterol Linoleate and Human Beta Defensin 2-Induced Changes in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Biofilms
title_sort	nano- and macroscale imaging of cholesterol linoleate and human beta defensin 2-induced changes in <i>pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> biofilms
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/1eabbae4fcd94da5882606150d3e684a
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Nano- and Macroscale Imaging of Cholesterol Linoleate and Human Beta Defensin 2-Induced Changes in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Biofilms

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