Effect of biodiversity changes in disease risk: exploring disease emergence in a plant-virus system.

The effect of biodiversity on the ability of parasites to infect their host and cause disease (i.e. disease risk) is a major question in pathology, which is central to understand the emergence of infectious diseases, and to develop strategies for their management. Two hypotheses, which can be consid...

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Autores principales:	Israel Pagán, Pablo González-Jara, Alejandra Moreno-Letelier, Manuel Rodelo-Urrego, Aurora Fraile, Daniel Piñero, Fernando García-Arenal
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1ecad42c4b704e9bb567ccddfb17161f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1ecad42c4b704e9bb567ccddfb17161f2021-11-18T06:04:14ZEffect of biodiversity changes in disease risk: exploring disease emergence in a plant-virus system.1553-73661553-737410.1371/journal.ppat.1002796https://doaj.org/article/1ecad42c4b704e9bb567ccddfb17161f2012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22792068/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1553-7366https://doaj.org/toc/1553-7374The effect of biodiversity on the ability of parasites to infect their host and cause disease (i.e. disease risk) is a major question in pathology, which is central to understand the emergence of infectious diseases, and to develop strategies for their management. Two hypotheses, which can be considered as extremes of a continuum, relate biodiversity to disease risk: One states that biodiversity is positively correlated with disease risk (Amplification Effect), and the second predicts a negative correlation between biodiversity and disease risk (Dilution Effect). Which of them applies better to different host-parasite systems is still a source of debate, due to limited experimental or empirical data. This is especially the case for viral diseases of plants. To address this subject, we have monitored for three years the prevalence of several viruses, and virus-associated symptoms, in populations of wild pepper (chiltepin) under different levels of human management. For each population, we also measured the habitat species diversity, host plant genetic diversity and host plant density. Results indicate that disease and infection risk increased with the level of human management, which was associated with decreased species diversity and host genetic diversity, and with increased host plant density. Importantly, species diversity of the habitat was the primary predictor of disease risk for wild chiltepin populations. This changed in managed populations where host genetic diversity was the primary predictor. Host density was generally a poorer predictor of disease and infection risk. These results support the dilution effect hypothesis, and underline the relevance of different ecological factors in determining disease/infection risk in host plant populations under different levels of anthropic influence. These results are relevant for managing plant diseases and for establishing conservation policies for endangered plant species.Israel PagánPablo González-JaraAlejandra Moreno-LetelierManuel Rodelo-UrregoAurora FraileDaniel PiñeroFernando García-ArenalPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607Biology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Pathogens, Vol 8, Iss 7, p e1002796 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Israel Pagán Pablo González-Jara Alejandra Moreno-Letelier Manuel Rodelo-Urrego Aurora Fraile Daniel Piñero Fernando García-Arenal Effect of biodiversity changes in disease risk: exploring disease emergence in a plant-virus system.
description	The effect of biodiversity on the ability of parasites to infect their host and cause disease (i.e. disease risk) is a major question in pathology, which is central to understand the emergence of infectious diseases, and to develop strategies for their management. Two hypotheses, which can be considered as extremes of a continuum, relate biodiversity to disease risk: One states that biodiversity is positively correlated with disease risk (Amplification Effect), and the second predicts a negative correlation between biodiversity and disease risk (Dilution Effect). Which of them applies better to different host-parasite systems is still a source of debate, due to limited experimental or empirical data. This is especially the case for viral diseases of plants. To address this subject, we have monitored for three years the prevalence of several viruses, and virus-associated symptoms, in populations of wild pepper (chiltepin) under different levels of human management. For each population, we also measured the habitat species diversity, host plant genetic diversity and host plant density. Results indicate that disease and infection risk increased with the level of human management, which was associated with decreased species diversity and host genetic diversity, and with increased host plant density. Importantly, species diversity of the habitat was the primary predictor of disease risk for wild chiltepin populations. This changed in managed populations where host genetic diversity was the primary predictor. Host density was generally a poorer predictor of disease and infection risk. These results support the dilution effect hypothesis, and underline the relevance of different ecological factors in determining disease/infection risk in host plant populations under different levels of anthropic influence. These results are relevant for managing plant diseases and for establishing conservation policies for endangered plant species.
format	article
author	Israel Pagán Pablo González-Jara Alejandra Moreno-Letelier Manuel Rodelo-Urrego Aurora Fraile Daniel Piñero Fernando García-Arenal
author_facet	Israel Pagán Pablo González-Jara Alejandra Moreno-Letelier Manuel Rodelo-Urrego Aurora Fraile Daniel Piñero Fernando García-Arenal
author_sort	Israel Pagán
title	Effect of biodiversity changes in disease risk: exploring disease emergence in a plant-virus system.
title_short	Effect of biodiversity changes in disease risk: exploring disease emergence in a plant-virus system.
title_full	Effect of biodiversity changes in disease risk: exploring disease emergence in a plant-virus system.
title_fullStr	Effect of biodiversity changes in disease risk: exploring disease emergence in a plant-virus system.
title_full_unstemmed	Effect of biodiversity changes in disease risk: exploring disease emergence in a plant-virus system.
title_sort	effect of biodiversity changes in disease risk: exploring disease emergence in a plant-virus system.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/1ecad42c4b704e9bb567ccddfb17161f
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Effect of biodiversity changes in disease risk: exploring disease emergence in a plant-virus system.

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