A method for mapping retinal images in early visual cortical areas

The visual cortex has been a heavily studied region in neuroscience due to many factors, not the least of which is its well-defined retinotopic organization. This organization makes it possible to predict the general location of cortical regions that stimuli will activate during visual tasks. Howeve...

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Autores principales:	Matthew Defenderfer, Pinar Demirayak, Kristina M Visscher
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Retino-cortical mapping Visual cortex Population receptive field fMRI retinotopic map Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1ecbcf2f6d3a4491b6013742ee3a669d
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:1ecbcf2f6d3a4491b6013742ee3a669d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1ecbcf2f6d3a4491b6013742ee3a669d2021-11-28T04:29:09ZA method for mapping retinal images in early visual cortical areas1095-957210.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118737https://doaj.org/article/1ecbcf2f6d3a4491b6013742ee3a669d2021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811921010090https://doaj.org/toc/1095-9572The visual cortex has been a heavily studied region in neuroscience due to many factors, not the least of which is its well-defined retinotopic organization. This organization makes it possible to predict the general location of cortical regions that stimuli will activate during visual tasks. However, the precise and accurate mapping of these regions in human patients takes time, effort, and participant compliance that can be difficult in many patient populations. In humans, this retino-cortical mapping has typically been done using functional localizers which maximally activate the area of interest, and then the activation profile is thresholded and converted to a binary mask region of interest (ROI). An alternative method involves performing population receptive field (pRF) mapping of the whole visual field and choosing vertices whose pRF centers fall within the stimulus. This method ignores the spatial extent of the pRF which changes dramatically between central and peripheral vision. Both methods require a dedicated functional scan and depend on participants’ stable fixation. The aim of this project was to develop a user-friendly method that can transform a retinal object of interest (for example, an image, a retinal lesion, or a preferred locus for fixation) from retinal space to its expected representation on the cortical surface without a functional scan. We modeled the retinal representation of each cortical vertex as a 2D Gaussian with a location and spatial extent given by a previously published retinotopic atlas. To identify how affected any cortical vertex would be by a given retinal object, we took the product of the retinal object with the Gaussian pRF of that cortical vertex. Normalizing this value gives the expected response of a given vertex to the retinal object. This method was validated using BOLD data obtained using a localizer with discrete visual stimuli, and showed good agreement to predicted values. Cortical localization of a visual stimulus or retinal defect can be obtained using our publicly available software, without a functional scan. Our software may benefit research with disease populations who have trouble maintaining stable fixation.Matthew DefenderferPinar DemirayakKristina M VisscherElsevierarticleRetino-cortical mappingVisual cortexPopulation receptive fieldfMRIretinotopic mapNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571ENNeuroImage, Vol 245, Iss , Pp 118737- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Retino-cortical mapping Visual cortex Population receptive field fMRI retinotopic map Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
spellingShingle	Retino-cortical mapping Visual cortex Population receptive field fMRI retinotopic map Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Matthew Defenderfer Pinar Demirayak Kristina M Visscher A method for mapping retinal images in early visual cortical areas
description	The visual cortex has been a heavily studied region in neuroscience due to many factors, not the least of which is its well-defined retinotopic organization. This organization makes it possible to predict the general location of cortical regions that stimuli will activate during visual tasks. However, the precise and accurate mapping of these regions in human patients takes time, effort, and participant compliance that can be difficult in many patient populations. In humans, this retino-cortical mapping has typically been done using functional localizers which maximally activate the area of interest, and then the activation profile is thresholded and converted to a binary mask region of interest (ROI). An alternative method involves performing population receptive field (pRF) mapping of the whole visual field and choosing vertices whose pRF centers fall within the stimulus. This method ignores the spatial extent of the pRF which changes dramatically between central and peripheral vision. Both methods require a dedicated functional scan and depend on participants’ stable fixation. The aim of this project was to develop a user-friendly method that can transform a retinal object of interest (for example, an image, a retinal lesion, or a preferred locus for fixation) from retinal space to its expected representation on the cortical surface without a functional scan. We modeled the retinal representation of each cortical vertex as a 2D Gaussian with a location and spatial extent given by a previously published retinotopic atlas. To identify how affected any cortical vertex would be by a given retinal object, we took the product of the retinal object with the Gaussian pRF of that cortical vertex. Normalizing this value gives the expected response of a given vertex to the retinal object. This method was validated using BOLD data obtained using a localizer with discrete visual stimuli, and showed good agreement to predicted values. Cortical localization of a visual stimulus or retinal defect can be obtained using our publicly available software, without a functional scan. Our software may benefit research with disease populations who have trouble maintaining stable fixation.
format	article
author	Matthew Defenderfer Pinar Demirayak Kristina M Visscher
author_facet	Matthew Defenderfer Pinar Demirayak Kristina M Visscher
author_sort	Matthew Defenderfer
title	A method for mapping retinal images in early visual cortical areas
title_short	A method for mapping retinal images in early visual cortical areas
title_full	A method for mapping retinal images in early visual cortical areas
title_fullStr	A method for mapping retinal images in early visual cortical areas
title_full_unstemmed	A method for mapping retinal images in early visual cortical areas
title_sort	method for mapping retinal images in early visual cortical areas
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/1ecbcf2f6d3a4491b6013742ee3a669d
work_keys_str_mv	AT matthewdefenderfer amethodformappingretinalimagesinearlyvisualcorticalareas AT pinardemirayak amethodformappingretinalimagesinearlyvisualcorticalareas AT kristinamvisscher amethodformappingretinalimagesinearlyvisualcorticalareas AT matthewdefenderfer methodformappingretinalimagesinearlyvisualcorticalareas AT pinardemirayak methodformappingretinalimagesinearlyvisualcorticalareas AT kristinamvisscher methodformappingretinalimagesinearlyvisualcorticalareas
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A method for mapping retinal images in early visual cortical areas

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