Is Nut Consumption Related to a Sustainable Diet? A Pilot Study on Italian Male Consumers

(1) Background: In recent years, the EAT-Lancet Commission has suggested the inclusion of nuts among proteins from vegetable sources, but this inclusion would imply a higher consumption of nuts compared with a healthy Mediterranean diet. (2) Objective: In this work, we sought to provide a comparison...

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Autores principales:	Elisabetta Toti, Giovanni Sogari, Anna Raguzzini, Luca Massaro, Ilaria Peluso
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	eating behavior ecological footprints environmental impacts macronutrient intake Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1ed5ab42190142468c8a208ddae6d3a5
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1ed5ab42190142468c8a208ddae6d3a52021-11-11T19:50:31ZIs Nut Consumption Related to a Sustainable Diet? A Pilot Study on Italian Male Consumers10.3390/su1321122922071-1050https://doaj.org/article/1ed5ab42190142468c8a208ddae6d3a52021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/21/12292https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050(1) Background: In recent years, the EAT-Lancet Commission has suggested the inclusion of nuts among proteins from vegetable sources, but this inclusion would imply a higher consumption of nuts compared with a healthy Mediterranean diet. (2) Objective: In this work, we sought to provide a comparison between the macronutrient intakes and environmental impacts of two different types of diet: a diet including nuts and a diet without nuts. (3) Methods: In this pilot study, we recruited 89 Italians divided into two groups: nut consumers (44 individuals) and non-consumers (45 individuals). Food consumption was monitored by a seven-day diary, while the Mediterranean diet scores, habitual physical activity scores, and orthorexia nervosa scores were evaluated through standardized questionnaires. (4) Results: We found that nut consumers had higher physical activity and energy intake levels. High consumption of fat (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and protein (<i>p</i> < 0.001) was observed among nut consumers compared with the levels observed among non-consumers. Moreover, a higher environmental impact of total dietary intake was observed among nut consumers, in terms of carbon (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and land (<i>p</i> < 0.05) footprints; impacts on the water footprint was almost significant (<i>p</i> = 0.06). (5) Conclusions: We suggest that, among plant food proteins, the consumption of complementary proteins from legumes and cereals should be preferred to the consumption of proteins from nuts.Elisabetta TotiGiovanni SogariAnna RaguzziniLuca MassaroIlaria PelusoMDPI AGarticleeating behaviorecological footprintsenvironmental impactsmacronutrient intakeEnvironmental effects of industries and plantsTD194-195Renewable energy sourcesTJ807-830Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENSustainability, Vol 13, Iss 12292, p 12292 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	eating behavior ecological footprints environmental impacts macronutrient intake Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	eating behavior ecological footprints environmental impacts macronutrient intake Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Elisabetta Toti Giovanni Sogari Anna Raguzzini Luca Massaro Ilaria Peluso Is Nut Consumption Related to a Sustainable Diet? A Pilot Study on Italian Male Consumers
description	(1) Background: In recent years, the EAT-Lancet Commission has suggested the inclusion of nuts among proteins from vegetable sources, but this inclusion would imply a higher consumption of nuts compared with a healthy Mediterranean diet. (2) Objective: In this work, we sought to provide a comparison between the macronutrient intakes and environmental impacts of two different types of diet: a diet including nuts and a diet without nuts. (3) Methods: In this pilot study, we recruited 89 Italians divided into two groups: nut consumers (44 individuals) and non-consumers (45 individuals). Food consumption was monitored by a seven-day diary, while the Mediterranean diet scores, habitual physical activity scores, and orthorexia nervosa scores were evaluated through standardized questionnaires. (4) Results: We found that nut consumers had higher physical activity and energy intake levels. High consumption of fat (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and protein (<i>p</i> < 0.001) was observed among nut consumers compared with the levels observed among non-consumers. Moreover, a higher environmental impact of total dietary intake was observed among nut consumers, in terms of carbon (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and land (<i>p</i> < 0.05) footprints; impacts on the water footprint was almost significant (<i>p</i> = 0.06). (5) Conclusions: We suggest that, among plant food proteins, the consumption of complementary proteins from legumes and cereals should be preferred to the consumption of proteins from nuts.
format	article
author	Elisabetta Toti Giovanni Sogari Anna Raguzzini Luca Massaro Ilaria Peluso
author_facet	Elisabetta Toti Giovanni Sogari Anna Raguzzini Luca Massaro Ilaria Peluso
author_sort	Elisabetta Toti
title	Is Nut Consumption Related to a Sustainable Diet? A Pilot Study on Italian Male Consumers
title_short	Is Nut Consumption Related to a Sustainable Diet? A Pilot Study on Italian Male Consumers
title_full	Is Nut Consumption Related to a Sustainable Diet? A Pilot Study on Italian Male Consumers
title_fullStr	Is Nut Consumption Related to a Sustainable Diet? A Pilot Study on Italian Male Consumers
title_full_unstemmed	Is Nut Consumption Related to a Sustainable Diet? A Pilot Study on Italian Male Consumers
title_sort	is nut consumption related to a sustainable diet? a pilot study on italian male consumers
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/1ed5ab42190142468c8a208ddae6d3a5
work_keys_str_mv	AT elisabettatoti isnutconsumptionrelatedtoasustainabledietapilotstudyonitalianmaleconsumers AT giovannisogari isnutconsumptionrelatedtoasustainabledietapilotstudyonitalianmaleconsumers AT annaraguzzini isnutconsumptionrelatedtoasustainabledietapilotstudyonitalianmaleconsumers AT lucamassaro isnutconsumptionrelatedtoasustainabledietapilotstudyonitalianmaleconsumers AT ilariapeluso isnutconsumptionrelatedtoasustainabledietapilotstudyonitalianmaleconsumers
_version_	1718431395723870208

Is Nut Consumption Related to a Sustainable Diet? A Pilot Study on Italian Male Consumers

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