Discrimination of SARS-CoV-2 infected patient samples by detection dogs: A proof of concept study.

While the world awaits a widely available COVID-19 vaccine, availability of testing is limited in many regions and can be further compounded by shortages of reagents, prolonged processing time and delayed results. One approach to rapid testing is to leverage the volatile organic compound (VOC) signa...

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Autores principales: Jennifer L Essler, Sarah A Kane, Pat Nolan, Elikplim H Akaho, Amalia Z Berna, Annemarie DeAngelo, Richard A Berk, Patricia Kaynaroglu, Victoria L Plymouth, Ian D Frank, Susan R Weiss, Audrey R Odom John, Cynthia M Otto
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Publicado: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
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Acceso en línea:https://doaj.org/article/1ee02b969b1947aa9fd121132029487f
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:1ee02b969b1947aa9fd121132029487f2021-12-02T20:05:43ZDiscrimination of SARS-CoV-2 infected patient samples by detection dogs: A proof of concept study.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0250158https://doaj.org/article/1ee02b969b1947aa9fd121132029487f2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250158https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203While the world awaits a widely available COVID-19 vaccine, availability of testing is limited in many regions and can be further compounded by shortages of reagents, prolonged processing time and delayed results. One approach to rapid testing is to leverage the volatile organic compound (VOC) signature of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Detection dogs, a biological sensor of VOCs, were utilized to investigate whether SARS-CoV-2 positive urine and saliva patient samples had a unique odor signature. The virus was inactivated in all training samples with either detergent or heat treatment. Using detergent-inactivated urine samples, dogs were initially trained to find samples collected from hospitalized patients confirmed with SARS-CoV-2 infection, while ignoring samples collected from controls. Dogs were then tested on their ability to spontaneously recognize heat-treated urine samples as well as heat-treated saliva from hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients. Dogs successfully discriminated between infected and uninfected urine samples, regardless of the inactivation protocol, as well as heat-treated saliva samples. Generalization to novel samples was limited, particularly after intensive training with a restricted sample set. A unique odor associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection present in human urine as well as saliva, provides impetus for the development of odor-based screening, either by electronic, chemical, or biological sensing methods. The use of dogs for screening in an operational setting will require training with a large number of novel SARS-CoV-2 positive and confirmed negative samples.Jennifer L EsslerSarah A KanePat NolanElikplim H AkahoAmalia Z BernaAnnemarie DeAngeloRichard A BerkPatricia KaynarogluVictoria L PlymouthIan D FrankSusan R WeissAudrey R Odom JohnCynthia M OttoPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 4, p e0250158 (2021)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic Medicine
R
Science
Q
spellingShingle Medicine
R
Science
Q
Jennifer L Essler
Sarah A Kane
Pat Nolan
Elikplim H Akaho
Amalia Z Berna
Annemarie DeAngelo
Richard A Berk
Patricia Kaynaroglu
Victoria L Plymouth
Ian D Frank
Susan R Weiss
Audrey R Odom John
Cynthia M Otto
Discrimination of SARS-CoV-2 infected patient samples by detection dogs: A proof of concept study.
description While the world awaits a widely available COVID-19 vaccine, availability of testing is limited in many regions and can be further compounded by shortages of reagents, prolonged processing time and delayed results. One approach to rapid testing is to leverage the volatile organic compound (VOC) signature of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Detection dogs, a biological sensor of VOCs, were utilized to investigate whether SARS-CoV-2 positive urine and saliva patient samples had a unique odor signature. The virus was inactivated in all training samples with either detergent or heat treatment. Using detergent-inactivated urine samples, dogs were initially trained to find samples collected from hospitalized patients confirmed with SARS-CoV-2 infection, while ignoring samples collected from controls. Dogs were then tested on their ability to spontaneously recognize heat-treated urine samples as well as heat-treated saliva from hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients. Dogs successfully discriminated between infected and uninfected urine samples, regardless of the inactivation protocol, as well as heat-treated saliva samples. Generalization to novel samples was limited, particularly after intensive training with a restricted sample set. A unique odor associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection present in human urine as well as saliva, provides impetus for the development of odor-based screening, either by electronic, chemical, or biological sensing methods. The use of dogs for screening in an operational setting will require training with a large number of novel SARS-CoV-2 positive and confirmed negative samples.
format article
author Jennifer L Essler
Sarah A Kane
Pat Nolan
Elikplim H Akaho
Amalia Z Berna
Annemarie DeAngelo
Richard A Berk
Patricia Kaynaroglu
Victoria L Plymouth
Ian D Frank
Susan R Weiss
Audrey R Odom John
Cynthia M Otto
author_facet Jennifer L Essler
Sarah A Kane
Pat Nolan
Elikplim H Akaho
Amalia Z Berna
Annemarie DeAngelo
Richard A Berk
Patricia Kaynaroglu
Victoria L Plymouth
Ian D Frank
Susan R Weiss
Audrey R Odom John
Cynthia M Otto
author_sort Jennifer L Essler
title Discrimination of SARS-CoV-2 infected patient samples by detection dogs: A proof of concept study.
title_short Discrimination of SARS-CoV-2 infected patient samples by detection dogs: A proof of concept study.
title_full Discrimination of SARS-CoV-2 infected patient samples by detection dogs: A proof of concept study.
title_fullStr Discrimination of SARS-CoV-2 infected patient samples by detection dogs: A proof of concept study.
title_full_unstemmed Discrimination of SARS-CoV-2 infected patient samples by detection dogs: A proof of concept study.
title_sort discrimination of sars-cov-2 infected patient samples by detection dogs: a proof of concept study.
publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate 2021
url https://doaj.org/article/1ee02b969b1947aa9fd121132029487f
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