Facile electrochemical synthesis of triangle-shaped graphene nanoflakes and graphene quantum dots via surfactant-assisted and defect-induced mechanism

A facile and non-hazardous route for the synthesis of triangle-shaped graphene nanoflakes and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) suspension via electrochemical exfoliation has been reported. In this work, a simple electrochemical technique was employed using pristine and heated graphite electrodes under t...

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Autores principales:	Wan Hazman Danial, Noriliya Aina Norhisham, Ahmad Fakhrurrazi Ahmad Noorden, Zaiton Abdul Majid
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Tamkang University Press 2021
Materias:	electrochemical exfoliation graphene nanoflakes graphene quantum dots triangle-shaped Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Chemical engineering TP155-156 Physics QC1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1ee7a2eb1a3b467493e39c66dcfc4489
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1ee7a2eb1a3b467493e39c66dcfc44892021-11-27T10:38:19ZFacile electrochemical synthesis of triangle-shaped graphene nanoflakes and graphene quantum dots via surfactant-assisted and defect-induced mechanism10.6180/jase.202206_25(3).00162708-99672708-9975https://doaj.org/article/1ee7a2eb1a3b467493e39c66dcfc44892021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttp://jase.tku.edu.tw/articles/jase-202206-25-3-0016https://doaj.org/toc/2708-9967https://doaj.org/toc/2708-9975A facile and non-hazardous route for the synthesis of triangle-shaped graphene nanoflakes and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) suspension via electrochemical exfoliation has been reported. In this work, a simple electrochemical technique was employed using pristine and heated graphite electrodes under the influence of anionic surfactant, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS). The synthesized graphene nanoflakes and GQDs suspension were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope (TEM), and Raman Spectroscopy. The UV absorption spectra showed a bathochromic shift from the typical π → π* transition peak which was due to the introduction of oxygen groups and/or functionalization of SDBS into the graphitic layers. Morphological analyses using TEM revealed the usage of heated graphite electrodes (600 °C at 5 min) produced triangleshaped graphene nanoflakes with an average size of ∼34 nm while the average size of the graphene nanoflakes obtained using the pristine graphite is ∼47 nm. A possible mechanism for the exfoliation of such morphology has been proposed. The graphene nanoflakes which have a size of less than 10 nm from both samples can be attributed to the presence of the GQDs. Raman analysis revealed ID/IG ratio of 0.223 and 0.203 for graphene nanoflakes electrochemically exfoliated from pristine and heated graphite respectively, which signifies a better quality and crystallinity and has low defects within the conjugated graphene backbone. The utilization of this electrochemical approach might expectantly pave the way towards the production of graphene nanoflakes with controlled morphology and low structural defects, which can be an efficient top-down process yet feasible for mass production.Wan Hazman DanialNoriliya Aina NorhishamAhmad Fakhrurrazi Ahmad NoordenZaiton Abdul MajidTamkang University Pressarticleelectrochemicalexfoliationgraphene nanoflakesgraphene quantum dotstriangle-shapedEngineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040Chemical engineeringTP155-156PhysicsQC1-999ENJournal of Applied Science and Engineering, Vol 25, Iss 3, Pp 495-503 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	electrochemical exfoliation graphene nanoflakes graphene quantum dots triangle-shaped Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Chemical engineering TP155-156 Physics QC1-999
spellingShingle	electrochemical exfoliation graphene nanoflakes graphene quantum dots triangle-shaped Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Chemical engineering TP155-156 Physics QC1-999 Wan Hazman Danial Noriliya Aina Norhisham Ahmad Fakhrurrazi Ahmad Noorden Zaiton Abdul Majid Facile electrochemical synthesis of triangle-shaped graphene nanoflakes and graphene quantum dots via surfactant-assisted and defect-induced mechanism
description	A facile and non-hazardous route for the synthesis of triangle-shaped graphene nanoflakes and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) suspension via electrochemical exfoliation has been reported. In this work, a simple electrochemical technique was employed using pristine and heated graphite electrodes under the influence of anionic surfactant, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS). The synthesized graphene nanoflakes and GQDs suspension were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope (TEM), and Raman Spectroscopy. The UV absorption spectra showed a bathochromic shift from the typical π → π* transition peak which was due to the introduction of oxygen groups and/or functionalization of SDBS into the graphitic layers. Morphological analyses using TEM revealed the usage of heated graphite electrodes (600 °C at 5 min) produced triangleshaped graphene nanoflakes with an average size of ∼34 nm while the average size of the graphene nanoflakes obtained using the pristine graphite is ∼47 nm. A possible mechanism for the exfoliation of such morphology has been proposed. The graphene nanoflakes which have a size of less than 10 nm from both samples can be attributed to the presence of the GQDs. Raman analysis revealed ID/IG ratio of 0.223 and 0.203 for graphene nanoflakes electrochemically exfoliated from pristine and heated graphite respectively, which signifies a better quality and crystallinity and has low defects within the conjugated graphene backbone. The utilization of this electrochemical approach might expectantly pave the way towards the production of graphene nanoflakes with controlled morphology and low structural defects, which can be an efficient top-down process yet feasible for mass production.
format	article
author	Wan Hazman Danial Noriliya Aina Norhisham Ahmad Fakhrurrazi Ahmad Noorden Zaiton Abdul Majid
author_facet	Wan Hazman Danial Noriliya Aina Norhisham Ahmad Fakhrurrazi Ahmad Noorden Zaiton Abdul Majid
author_sort	Wan Hazman Danial
title	Facile electrochemical synthesis of triangle-shaped graphene nanoflakes and graphene quantum dots via surfactant-assisted and defect-induced mechanism
title_short	Facile electrochemical synthesis of triangle-shaped graphene nanoflakes and graphene quantum dots via surfactant-assisted and defect-induced mechanism
title_full	Facile electrochemical synthesis of triangle-shaped graphene nanoflakes and graphene quantum dots via surfactant-assisted and defect-induced mechanism
title_fullStr	Facile electrochemical synthesis of triangle-shaped graphene nanoflakes and graphene quantum dots via surfactant-assisted and defect-induced mechanism
title_full_unstemmed	Facile electrochemical synthesis of triangle-shaped graphene nanoflakes and graphene quantum dots via surfactant-assisted and defect-induced mechanism
title_sort	facile electrochemical synthesis of triangle-shaped graphene nanoflakes and graphene quantum dots via surfactant-assisted and defect-induced mechanism
publisher	Tamkang University Press
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/1ee7a2eb1a3b467493e39c66dcfc4489
work_keys_str_mv	AT wanhazmandanial facileelectrochemicalsynthesisoftriangleshapedgraphenenanoflakesandgraphenequantumdotsviasurfactantassistedanddefectinducedmechanism AT noriliyaainanorhisham facileelectrochemicalsynthesisoftriangleshapedgraphenenanoflakesandgraphenequantumdotsviasurfactantassistedanddefectinducedmechanism AT ahmadfakhrurraziahmadnoorden facileelectrochemicalsynthesisoftriangleshapedgraphenenanoflakesandgraphenequantumdotsviasurfactantassistedanddefectinducedmechanism AT zaitonabdulmajid facileelectrochemicalsynthesisoftriangleshapedgraphenenanoflakesandgraphenequantumdotsviasurfactantassistedanddefectinducedmechanism
_version_	1718409033589719040

Facile electrochemical synthesis of triangle-shaped graphene nanoflakes and graphene quantum dots via surfactant-assisted and defect-induced mechanism

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