Utilization of Rubber Tree Bark for Reduction of Mill Scale at 1550 °C: Implication for Sustainable Wastes Recycling in Steelmaking Process

Utilization of local-based waste materials can be a challenge due to the resource’s limitations. This study investigated the utilization of rubber tree bark (RTB) as a reductant for mill scale. RTB was blended with coal into five ratios, namely RTB#1–RTB#5. The blends were heated at 1000 °C under ar...

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Autores principales:	Somyote Kongkarat, Jintana Khumpa
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	mill scale rubber tree bark reduction reaction steelmaking Mining engineering. Metallurgy TN1-997
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1ef1f63fa5ee4850bdec230d1c35b1be
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1ef1f63fa5ee4850bdec230d1c35b1be2021-11-25T18:21:35ZUtilization of Rubber Tree Bark for Reduction of Mill Scale at 1550 °C: Implication for Sustainable Wastes Recycling in Steelmaking Process10.3390/met111117382075-4701https://doaj.org/article/1ef1f63fa5ee4850bdec230d1c35b1be2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/11/1738https://doaj.org/toc/2075-4701Utilization of local-based waste materials can be a challenge due to the resource’s limitations. This study investigated the utilization of rubber tree bark (RTB) as a reductant for mill scale. RTB was blended with coal into five ratios, namely RTB#1–RTB#5. The blends were heated at 1000 °C under argon for 1 h. The char was mixed with scale to produce a carbon-mill scale composite pellet (CCP) with a 1.5 C/O molar ratio. The reduction of CCP was carried out in a tube furnace at 1550 °C for 30 min under argon flowing at 1 L/min. The reduced Fe droplets separate clearly from the residues. The CCP produced from blends RTB#1–RTB#5 shows better reduction with metal of 35.28–39.82 wt.%. The degree of metallization (DOM) ranges between 75.25–84.51%, which is two times higher than that of coal. RTB#3 shows the optimum condition with the highest DOM. CaO in RTB plays a role in forming an ash layer on the metal surface and reacting with Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> to form a new phase. Utilization of our local-based biomass, such as RTB as a reductant for mill scale, is possible. The consumption of fossil fuel in the process could be decreased by 30%, thus also the production cost.Somyote KongkaratJintana KhumpaMDPI AGarticlemill scalerubber tree barkreduction reactionsteelmakingMining engineering. MetallurgyTN1-997ENMetals, Vol 11, Iss 1738, p 1738 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	mill scale rubber tree bark reduction reaction steelmaking Mining engineering. Metallurgy TN1-997
spellingShingle	mill scale rubber tree bark reduction reaction steelmaking Mining engineering. Metallurgy TN1-997 Somyote Kongkarat Jintana Khumpa Utilization of Rubber Tree Bark for Reduction of Mill Scale at 1550 °C: Implication for Sustainable Wastes Recycling in Steelmaking Process
description	Utilization of local-based waste materials can be a challenge due to the resource’s limitations. This study investigated the utilization of rubber tree bark (RTB) as a reductant for mill scale. RTB was blended with coal into five ratios, namely RTB#1–RTB#5. The blends were heated at 1000 °C under argon for 1 h. The char was mixed with scale to produce a carbon-mill scale composite pellet (CCP) with a 1.5 C/O molar ratio. The reduction of CCP was carried out in a tube furnace at 1550 °C for 30 min under argon flowing at 1 L/min. The reduced Fe droplets separate clearly from the residues. The CCP produced from blends RTB#1–RTB#5 shows better reduction with metal of 35.28–39.82 wt.%. The degree of metallization (DOM) ranges between 75.25–84.51%, which is two times higher than that of coal. RTB#3 shows the optimum condition with the highest DOM. CaO in RTB plays a role in forming an ash layer on the metal surface and reacting with Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> to form a new phase. Utilization of our local-based biomass, such as RTB as a reductant for mill scale, is possible. The consumption of fossil fuel in the process could be decreased by 30%, thus also the production cost.
format	article
author	Somyote Kongkarat Jintana Khumpa
author_facet	Somyote Kongkarat Jintana Khumpa
author_sort	Somyote Kongkarat
title	Utilization of Rubber Tree Bark for Reduction of Mill Scale at 1550 °C: Implication for Sustainable Wastes Recycling in Steelmaking Process
title_short	Utilization of Rubber Tree Bark for Reduction of Mill Scale at 1550 °C: Implication for Sustainable Wastes Recycling in Steelmaking Process
title_full	Utilization of Rubber Tree Bark for Reduction of Mill Scale at 1550 °C: Implication for Sustainable Wastes Recycling in Steelmaking Process
title_fullStr	Utilization of Rubber Tree Bark for Reduction of Mill Scale at 1550 °C: Implication for Sustainable Wastes Recycling in Steelmaking Process
title_full_unstemmed	Utilization of Rubber Tree Bark for Reduction of Mill Scale at 1550 °C: Implication for Sustainable Wastes Recycling in Steelmaking Process
title_sort	utilization of rubber tree bark for reduction of mill scale at 1550 °c: implication for sustainable wastes recycling in steelmaking process
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/1ef1f63fa5ee4850bdec230d1c35b1be
work_keys_str_mv	AT somyotekongkarat utilizationofrubbertreebarkforreductionofmillscaleat1550cimplicationforsustainablewastesrecyclinginsteelmakingprocess AT jintanakhumpa utilizationofrubbertreebarkforreductionofmillscaleat1550cimplicationforsustainablewastesrecyclinginsteelmakingprocess
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Utilization of Rubber Tree Bark for Reduction of Mill Scale at 1550 °C: Implication for Sustainable Wastes Recycling in Steelmaking Process

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