Coexistence of large carnivore species in relation to their major prey in Thailand

Spatial and temporal partitioning often facilitates species coexistence. We used camera traps to study habitat use and spatio-temporal interactions among three large carnivores—tiger, leopard, and dhole—in two national parks in Thailand where key prey species (sambar, gaur) were scarce from overhunt...

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Autores principales:	Worrapan Phumanee, Robert Steinmetz, Rungnapa Phoonjampa, Thawatchai Bejraburnin, Naris Bhumpakphan, Tommaso Savini
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Activity pattern Camera trap survey Competition Co-occurrence Occupancy Spatio-temporal interactions Ecology QH540-549.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1f7843cd352e4238b5eb05aec66e4546
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1f7843cd352e4238b5eb05aec66e45462021-11-28T04:33:17ZCoexistence of large carnivore species in relation to their major prey in Thailand2351-989410.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01930https://doaj.org/article/1f7843cd352e4238b5eb05aec66e45462021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2351989421004807https://doaj.org/toc/2351-9894Spatial and temporal partitioning often facilitates species coexistence. We used camera traps to study habitat use and spatio-temporal interactions among three large carnivores—tiger, leopard, and dhole—in two national parks in Thailand where key prey species (sambar, gaur) were scarce from overhunting. The availability of remnant sambar was the strongest determinant of tiger occupancy. Leopard occupancy was positively related to the presence of wild pig. Dhole occupancy was negatively associated with sambar, opposite to tiger. Results of two-species occupancy modeling did not support our hypothesis that leopard would be excluded from tiger-occupied zones, but leopard detectability was seven times lower in the presence of tigers, indicative of fine-scale avoidance. Dhole avoidance of sambar might have been a tactic by which dhole avoided tigers. All three carnivores were mainly diurnal and thus had high temporal overlap (> 80%). Tiger density may have been too low (0.36/100 km2) to compel temporal avoidance by leopard and dhole where they overlapped. Our results suggest that low density populations of tigers and leopards can overlap in habitat use and temporal activity, despite the potential for intensified competition due to prey scarcity. Dholes were widespread despite scarcity of large ungulates, and seem more resilient to the loss of large-bodied prey than tigers. MWKL has an important role in conserving dholes, which are declining globally.Worrapan PhumaneeRobert SteinmetzRungnapa PhoonjampaThawatchai BejraburninNaris BhumpakphanTommaso SaviniElsevierarticleActivity patternCamera trap surveyCompetitionCo-occurrenceOccupancySpatio-temporal interactionsEcologyQH540-549.5ENGlobal Ecology and Conservation, Vol 32, Iss , Pp e01930- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Activity pattern Camera trap survey Competition Co-occurrence Occupancy Spatio-temporal interactions Ecology QH540-549.5
spellingShingle	Activity pattern Camera trap survey Competition Co-occurrence Occupancy Spatio-temporal interactions Ecology QH540-549.5 Worrapan Phumanee Robert Steinmetz Rungnapa Phoonjampa Thawatchai Bejraburnin Naris Bhumpakphan Tommaso Savini Coexistence of large carnivore species in relation to their major prey in Thailand
description	Spatial and temporal partitioning often facilitates species coexistence. We used camera traps to study habitat use and spatio-temporal interactions among three large carnivores—tiger, leopard, and dhole—in two national parks in Thailand where key prey species (sambar, gaur) were scarce from overhunting. The availability of remnant sambar was the strongest determinant of tiger occupancy. Leopard occupancy was positively related to the presence of wild pig. Dhole occupancy was negatively associated with sambar, opposite to tiger. Results of two-species occupancy modeling did not support our hypothesis that leopard would be excluded from tiger-occupied zones, but leopard detectability was seven times lower in the presence of tigers, indicative of fine-scale avoidance. Dhole avoidance of sambar might have been a tactic by which dhole avoided tigers. All three carnivores were mainly diurnal and thus had high temporal overlap (> 80%). Tiger density may have been too low (0.36/100 km2) to compel temporal avoidance by leopard and dhole where they overlapped. Our results suggest that low density populations of tigers and leopards can overlap in habitat use and temporal activity, despite the potential for intensified competition due to prey scarcity. Dholes were widespread despite scarcity of large ungulates, and seem more resilient to the loss of large-bodied prey than tigers. MWKL has an important role in conserving dholes, which are declining globally.
format	article
author	Worrapan Phumanee Robert Steinmetz Rungnapa Phoonjampa Thawatchai Bejraburnin Naris Bhumpakphan Tommaso Savini
author_facet	Worrapan Phumanee Robert Steinmetz Rungnapa Phoonjampa Thawatchai Bejraburnin Naris Bhumpakphan Tommaso Savini
author_sort	Worrapan Phumanee
title	Coexistence of large carnivore species in relation to their major prey in Thailand
title_short	Coexistence of large carnivore species in relation to their major prey in Thailand
title_full	Coexistence of large carnivore species in relation to their major prey in Thailand
title_fullStr	Coexistence of large carnivore species in relation to their major prey in Thailand
title_full_unstemmed	Coexistence of large carnivore species in relation to their major prey in Thailand
title_sort	coexistence of large carnivore species in relation to their major prey in thailand
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/1f7843cd352e4238b5eb05aec66e4546
work_keys_str_mv	AT worrapanphumanee coexistenceoflargecarnivorespeciesinrelationtotheirmajorpreyinthailand AT robertsteinmetz coexistenceoflargecarnivorespeciesinrelationtotheirmajorpreyinthailand AT rungnapaphoonjampa coexistenceoflargecarnivorespeciesinrelationtotheirmajorpreyinthailand AT thawatchaibejraburnin coexistenceoflargecarnivorespeciesinrelationtotheirmajorpreyinthailand AT narisbhumpakphan coexistenceoflargecarnivorespeciesinrelationtotheirmajorpreyinthailand AT tommasosavini coexistenceoflargecarnivorespeciesinrelationtotheirmajorpreyinthailand
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Coexistence of large carnivore species in relation to their major prey in Thailand

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