Experiment and simulation study of emergency evacuation during violent attack in classrooms

In recent years, as a disaster, terrorist attacks have occurred throughout the world. However, emergency evacuation behaviors during these incidents were not clear, and the traditional emergency plans were not suitable for such incidents. In this paper, evacuation behaviors under armed assault attac...

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Autores principales:	Ning Ding, Yihang Ma, Dapeng Dong, Yadi Wang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. 2021
Materias:	Emergency evacuation Armed assault attack Attacker's route Experiment Risk in industry. Risk management HD61
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1f991123ccba4be5b9b276356e6f20a7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1f991123ccba4be5b9b276356e6f20a72021-11-04T04:40:18ZExperiment and simulation study of emergency evacuation during violent attack in classrooms2666-449610.1016/j.jnlssr.2021.09.002https://doaj.org/article/1f991123ccba4be5b9b276356e6f20a72021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666449621000384https://doaj.org/toc/2666-4496In recent years, as a disaster, terrorist attacks have occurred throughout the world. However, emergency evacuation behaviors during these incidents were not clear, and the traditional emergency plans were not suitable for such incidents. In this paper, evacuation behaviors under armed assault attack in a classroom were studied based on evacuation experiments. A total of 103 participants took part in three experiments. In each experiment, the attacker's attacking route was set differently to study the impact of the attacking route on evacuation behaviors. Pre-evacuation delay, panic of the evacuees, exit choices, evacuation time, and evacuees’ trajectories in the experiments were all analyzed. The results of the experiments showed that when a terrorist attack occurs, there is a long delay before evacuation, and most of the evacuees were in the state of “observation” before they moved. When one of the participants started to evacuate or shout, other participants would begin to recognize the danger and escape quickly. These three experiments showed that the route of the attacker had a significant impact on the routes and exit choices of the evacuees. Rather than searching for the nearest exit, the primary purpose of evacuees was to keep a safe distance from the attacker. The average speed of the evacuees in these three experiments was 1.07m/s, 0.81 m/s, and 0.84 m/s, respectively. The density distribution during the crowd evacuation process was uneven, with the highest density occurring at the area from the seats to the aisles. The research can provide data support for the design of emergency plans and the computer simulation of the armed assault attack.Ning DingYihang MaDapeng DongYadi WangKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.articleEmergency evacuationArmed assault attackAttacker's routeExperimentRisk in industry. Risk managementHD61ENJournal of Safety Science and Resilience, Vol 2, Iss 4, Pp 208-221 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Emergency evacuation Armed assault attack Attacker's route Experiment Risk in industry. Risk management HD61
spellingShingle	Emergency evacuation Armed assault attack Attacker's route Experiment Risk in industry. Risk management HD61 Ning Ding Yihang Ma Dapeng Dong Yadi Wang Experiment and simulation study of emergency evacuation during violent attack in classrooms
description	In recent years, as a disaster, terrorist attacks have occurred throughout the world. However, emergency evacuation behaviors during these incidents were not clear, and the traditional emergency plans were not suitable for such incidents. In this paper, evacuation behaviors under armed assault attack in a classroom were studied based on evacuation experiments. A total of 103 participants took part in three experiments. In each experiment, the attacker's attacking route was set differently to study the impact of the attacking route on evacuation behaviors. Pre-evacuation delay, panic of the evacuees, exit choices, evacuation time, and evacuees’ trajectories in the experiments were all analyzed. The results of the experiments showed that when a terrorist attack occurs, there is a long delay before evacuation, and most of the evacuees were in the state of “observation” before they moved. When one of the participants started to evacuate or shout, other participants would begin to recognize the danger and escape quickly. These three experiments showed that the route of the attacker had a significant impact on the routes and exit choices of the evacuees. Rather than searching for the nearest exit, the primary purpose of evacuees was to keep a safe distance from the attacker. The average speed of the evacuees in these three experiments was 1.07m/s, 0.81 m/s, and 0.84 m/s, respectively. The density distribution during the crowd evacuation process was uneven, with the highest density occurring at the area from the seats to the aisles. The research can provide data support for the design of emergency plans and the computer simulation of the armed assault attack.
format	article
author	Ning Ding Yihang Ma Dapeng Dong Yadi Wang
author_facet	Ning Ding Yihang Ma Dapeng Dong Yadi Wang
author_sort	Ning Ding
title	Experiment and simulation study of emergency evacuation during violent attack in classrooms
title_short	Experiment and simulation study of emergency evacuation during violent attack in classrooms
title_full	Experiment and simulation study of emergency evacuation during violent attack in classrooms
title_fullStr	Experiment and simulation study of emergency evacuation during violent attack in classrooms
title_full_unstemmed	Experiment and simulation study of emergency evacuation during violent attack in classrooms
title_sort	experiment and simulation study of emergency evacuation during violent attack in classrooms
publisher	KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/1f991123ccba4be5b9b276356e6f20a7
work_keys_str_mv	AT ningding experimentandsimulationstudyofemergencyevacuationduringviolentattackinclassrooms AT yihangma experimentandsimulationstudyofemergencyevacuationduringviolentattackinclassrooms AT dapengdong experimentandsimulationstudyofemergencyevacuationduringviolentattackinclassrooms AT yadiwang experimentandsimulationstudyofemergencyevacuationduringviolentattackinclassrooms
_version_	1718445195572281344

Experiment and simulation study of emergency evacuation during violent attack in classrooms

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