Electrification of Road Transport and the Impacts on Air Quality and Health in the UK

Currently, many cities in Europe are affected by concentrations of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub> above the WHO guidelines on the protection of human health. This is a global problem in which the growth of road transport constitutes a major factor. Looking to the future,...

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Autores principales:	Daniel Mehlig, Huw Woodward, Tim Oxley, Mike Holland, Helen ApSimon
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	electric vehicle air quality PM<sub>2.5</sub> NO<sub>x</sub> NO<sub>2</sub> road transport Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1fa7fd5734e647f79208b0819ffcf94a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1fa7fd5734e647f79208b0819ffcf94a2021-11-25T16:45:31ZElectrification of Road Transport and the Impacts on Air Quality and Health in the UK10.3390/atmos121114912073-4433https://doaj.org/article/1fa7fd5734e647f79208b0819ffcf94a2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/11/1491https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4433Currently, many cities in Europe are affected by concentrations of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub> above the WHO guidelines on the protection of human health. This is a global problem in which the growth of road transport constitutes a major factor. Looking to the future, electric vehicles (EVs) are considered to be the choice technology for reducing road transport greenhouse gas emissions, but their impact on air quality needs to be considered. Taking the UK as a case study, this paper begins by understanding the trajectory of a future scenario without the introduction of EVs, reflecting on the latest emission control improvements in internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). This is then compared to a 2050 scenario in which the introduction of EVs, based on the UK government’s Transport Decarbonisation Plan, is reviewed. This plan includes a ban on the sale of ICEV cars and LGVs, beginning in 2030, with the subsequent electrification of heavier vehicles. By 2030, population exposure to NO<sub>x</sub> was found to be significantly reduced in the ICEV scenario, with a marginal further reduction found for the EV scenario. The EV scenario further reduced NO<sub>x</sub> exposure by 2050, with most of the benefits being realized before 2040. For the ICEV and EV scenario, PM<sub>2.5</sub> emissions were largely unchanged due to the primary contribution of non-exhaust emissions, suggesting that EVs are likely to yield relatively smaller changes in exposure to PM<sub>2.5</sub> than for NO<sub>x</sub>.Daniel MehligHuw WoodwardTim OxleyMike HollandHelen ApSimonMDPI AGarticleelectric vehicleair qualityPM<sub>2.5</sub>NO<sub>x</sub>NO<sub>2</sub>road transportMeteorology. ClimatologyQC851-999ENAtmosphere, Vol 12, Iss 1491, p 1491 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	electric vehicle air quality PM<sub>2.5</sub> NO<sub>x</sub> NO<sub>2</sub> road transport Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999
spellingShingle	electric vehicle air quality PM<sub>2.5</sub> NO<sub>x</sub> NO<sub>2</sub> road transport Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 Daniel Mehlig Huw Woodward Tim Oxley Mike Holland Helen ApSimon Electrification of Road Transport and the Impacts on Air Quality and Health in the UK
description	Currently, many cities in Europe are affected by concentrations of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub> above the WHO guidelines on the protection of human health. This is a global problem in which the growth of road transport constitutes a major factor. Looking to the future, electric vehicles (EVs) are considered to be the choice technology for reducing road transport greenhouse gas emissions, but their impact on air quality needs to be considered. Taking the UK as a case study, this paper begins by understanding the trajectory of a future scenario without the introduction of EVs, reflecting on the latest emission control improvements in internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). This is then compared to a 2050 scenario in which the introduction of EVs, based on the UK government’s Transport Decarbonisation Plan, is reviewed. This plan includes a ban on the sale of ICEV cars and LGVs, beginning in 2030, with the subsequent electrification of heavier vehicles. By 2030, population exposure to NO<sub>x</sub> was found to be significantly reduced in the ICEV scenario, with a marginal further reduction found for the EV scenario. The EV scenario further reduced NO<sub>x</sub> exposure by 2050, with most of the benefits being realized before 2040. For the ICEV and EV scenario, PM<sub>2.5</sub> emissions were largely unchanged due to the primary contribution of non-exhaust emissions, suggesting that EVs are likely to yield relatively smaller changes in exposure to PM<sub>2.5</sub> than for NO<sub>x</sub>.
format	article
author	Daniel Mehlig Huw Woodward Tim Oxley Mike Holland Helen ApSimon
author_facet	Daniel Mehlig Huw Woodward Tim Oxley Mike Holland Helen ApSimon
author_sort	Daniel Mehlig
title	Electrification of Road Transport and the Impacts on Air Quality and Health in the UK
title_short	Electrification of Road Transport and the Impacts on Air Quality and Health in the UK
title_full	Electrification of Road Transport and the Impacts on Air Quality and Health in the UK
title_fullStr	Electrification of Road Transport and the Impacts on Air Quality and Health in the UK
title_full_unstemmed	Electrification of Road Transport and the Impacts on Air Quality and Health in the UK
title_sort	electrification of road transport and the impacts on air quality and health in the uk
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/1fa7fd5734e647f79208b0819ffcf94a
work_keys_str_mv	AT danielmehlig electrificationofroadtransportandtheimpactsonairqualityandhealthintheuk AT huwwoodward electrificationofroadtransportandtheimpactsonairqualityandhealthintheuk AT timoxley electrificationofroadtransportandtheimpactsonairqualityandhealthintheuk AT mikeholland electrificationofroadtransportandtheimpactsonairqualityandhealthintheuk AT helenapsimon electrificationofroadtransportandtheimpactsonairqualityandhealthintheuk
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Electrification of Road Transport and the Impacts on Air Quality and Health in the UK

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