Serum cytokine patterns are modulated in infants fed formula with probiotics or milk fat globule membranes: A randomized controlled trial.

<h4>Background</h4>Proteins and lipids of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) and probiotics are immunomodulatory. We hypothesized that Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei strain F19 (F19) would augment vaccine antibody and T helper 1 type immune responses whereas MFGM would produce an i...

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Autores principales:	Xiaonan Li, Yongmei Peng, Zailing Li, Britt Christensen, Anne B Heckmann, Carina Lagerqvist, Hans Stenlund, Bo Lönnerdal, Olle Hernell, Christina E West
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1fb015d7b1ad444bbe22e463aa2f1c2b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1fb015d7b1ad444bbe22e463aa2f1c2b2021-12-02T20:05:36ZSerum cytokine patterns are modulated in infants fed formula with probiotics or milk fat globule membranes: A randomized controlled trial.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0251293https://doaj.org/article/1fb015d7b1ad444bbe22e463aa2f1c2b2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251293https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Proteins and lipids of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) and probiotics are immunomodulatory. We hypothesized that Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei strain F19 (F19) would augment vaccine antibody and T helper 1 type immune responses whereas MFGM would produce an immune response closer to that of breastfed (BF) infants.<h4>Objective</h4>To compare the effects of supplementing formula with F19 or bovine MFGM on serum cytokine and vaccine responses of formula-fed (FF) and BF infants.<h4>Design</h4>FF infants were randomized to formula with F19 (n = 195) or MFGM (n = 192), or standard formula (SF) (n = 194) from age 21±7 days until 4 months. A BF group served as reference (n = 208). We analyzed seven cytokines (n = 398) in serum at age 4 months using magnetic bead-based multiplex technology. Using ELISA, we analyzed anti-diphtheria IgG (n = 258) and anti-poliovirus IgG (n = 309) concentrations in serum before and after the second and third immunization, respectively.<h4>Results</h4>Compared with SF, the F19 group had greater IL-2 and lower IFN-γ concentrations (p<0.05, average effect size 0.14 and 0.39). Compared with BF, the F19 group had greater IL-2, IL-4 and IL-17A concentrations (p<0.05, average effect size 0.42, 0.34 and 0.26, respectively). The MFGM group had lower IL-2 and IL-17A concentrations compared with SF (p<0.05, average effect size 0.34 and 0.31). Cytokine concentrations were comparable among the MFGM and BF groups. Vaccine responses were comparable among the formula groups.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Contrary to previous studies F19 increased IL-2 and lowered IFN-γ production, suggesting that the response to probiotics differs across populations. The cytokine profile of the MFGM group approached that of BF infants, and may be associated with the previous finding that infectious outcomes for the MFGM group in this cohort were closer to those of BF infants, as opposed to the SF group. These immunomodulatory effects support future clinical evaluation of infant formula with F19 or MFGM.Xiaonan LiYongmei PengZailing LiBritt ChristensenAnne B HeckmannCarina LagerqvistHans StenlundBo LönnerdalOlle HernellChristina E WestPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 5, p e0251293 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Xiaonan Li Yongmei Peng Zailing Li Britt Christensen Anne B Heckmann Carina Lagerqvist Hans Stenlund Bo Lönnerdal Olle Hernell Christina E West Serum cytokine patterns are modulated in infants fed formula with probiotics or milk fat globule membranes: A randomized controlled trial.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Proteins and lipids of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) and probiotics are immunomodulatory. We hypothesized that Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei strain F19 (F19) would augment vaccine antibody and T helper 1 type immune responses whereas MFGM would produce an immune response closer to that of breastfed (BF) infants.<h4>Objective</h4>To compare the effects of supplementing formula with F19 or bovine MFGM on serum cytokine and vaccine responses of formula-fed (FF) and BF infants.<h4>Design</h4>FF infants were randomized to formula with F19 (n = 195) or MFGM (n = 192), or standard formula (SF) (n = 194) from age 21±7 days until 4 months. A BF group served as reference (n = 208). We analyzed seven cytokines (n = 398) in serum at age 4 months using magnetic bead-based multiplex technology. Using ELISA, we analyzed anti-diphtheria IgG (n = 258) and anti-poliovirus IgG (n = 309) concentrations in serum before and after the second and third immunization, respectively.<h4>Results</h4>Compared with SF, the F19 group had greater IL-2 and lower IFN-γ concentrations (p<0.05, average effect size 0.14 and 0.39). Compared with BF, the F19 group had greater IL-2, IL-4 and IL-17A concentrations (p<0.05, average effect size 0.42, 0.34 and 0.26, respectively). The MFGM group had lower IL-2 and IL-17A concentrations compared with SF (p<0.05, average effect size 0.34 and 0.31). Cytokine concentrations were comparable among the MFGM and BF groups. Vaccine responses were comparable among the formula groups.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Contrary to previous studies F19 increased IL-2 and lowered IFN-γ production, suggesting that the response to probiotics differs across populations. The cytokine profile of the MFGM group approached that of BF infants, and may be associated with the previous finding that infectious outcomes for the MFGM group in this cohort were closer to those of BF infants, as opposed to the SF group. These immunomodulatory effects support future clinical evaluation of infant formula with F19 or MFGM.
format	article
author	Xiaonan Li Yongmei Peng Zailing Li Britt Christensen Anne B Heckmann Carina Lagerqvist Hans Stenlund Bo Lönnerdal Olle Hernell Christina E West
author_facet	Xiaonan Li Yongmei Peng Zailing Li Britt Christensen Anne B Heckmann Carina Lagerqvist Hans Stenlund Bo Lönnerdal Olle Hernell Christina E West
author_sort	Xiaonan Li
title	Serum cytokine patterns are modulated in infants fed formula with probiotics or milk fat globule membranes: A randomized controlled trial.
title_short	Serum cytokine patterns are modulated in infants fed formula with probiotics or milk fat globule membranes: A randomized controlled trial.
title_full	Serum cytokine patterns are modulated in infants fed formula with probiotics or milk fat globule membranes: A randomized controlled trial.
title_fullStr	Serum cytokine patterns are modulated in infants fed formula with probiotics or milk fat globule membranes: A randomized controlled trial.
title_full_unstemmed	Serum cytokine patterns are modulated in infants fed formula with probiotics or milk fat globule membranes: A randomized controlled trial.
title_sort	serum cytokine patterns are modulated in infants fed formula with probiotics or milk fat globule membranes: a randomized controlled trial.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/1fb015d7b1ad444bbe22e463aa2f1c2b
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Serum cytokine patterns are modulated in infants fed formula with probiotics or milk fat globule membranes: A randomized controlled trial.

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