Seed-Derived Microbial Colonization of Wild Emmer and Domesticated Bread Wheat (<italic toggle="yes">Triticum dicoccoides</italic> and <italic toggle="yes">T. aestivum</italic>) Seedlings Shows Pronounced Differences in Overall Diversity and Composition

ABSTRACT The composition of the plant microbiota may be altered by ecological and evolutionary changes in the host population. Seed-associated microbiota, expected to be largely vertically transferred, have the potential to coadapt with their host over generations. Strong directional selection and c...

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Autores principales:	Ezgi Özkurt, M. Amine Hassani, Uğur Sesiz, Sven Künzel, Tal Dagan, Hakan Özkan, Eva H. Stukenbrock
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2020
Materias:	seed-associated microbiome plant domestication plant breeding microbiota assembly agriculture plant microbiota Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1fb9a32e19844a5980b470c5e18aa587
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1fb9a32e19844a5980b470c5e18aa5872021-11-15T15:55:44ZSeed-Derived Microbial Colonization of Wild Emmer and Domesticated Bread Wheat (<italic toggle="yes">Triticum dicoccoides</italic> and <italic toggle="yes">T. aestivum</italic>) Seedlings Shows Pronounced Differences in Overall Diversity and Composition10.1128/mBio.02637-202150-7511https://doaj.org/article/1fb9a32e19844a5980b470c5e18aa5872020-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.02637-20https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT The composition of the plant microbiota may be altered by ecological and evolutionary changes in the host population. Seed-associated microbiota, expected to be largely vertically transferred, have the potential to coadapt with their host over generations. Strong directional selection and changes in the genetic composition of plants during domestication and cultivation may have impacted the assembly and transmission of seed-associated microbiota. Nonetheless, the effect of plant speciation and domestication on the composition of these microbes is poorly understood. Here, we have investigated the composition of bacteria and fungi associated with the wild emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccoides) and domesticated bread wheat (Triticum aestivum). We show that vertically transmitted bacteria, but not fungi, of domesticated bread wheat species T. aestivum are less diverse and more inconsistent among individual plants compared to those of the wild emmer wheat species T. dicoccoides. We propagated wheat seeds under sterile conditions to characterize the colonization of seedlings by seed-associated microbes. Hereby, we show markedly different community compositions and diversities of leaf and root colonizers of the domesticated bread wheat compared to the wild emmer wheat. By propagating the wild emmer wheat and domesticated bread wheat in two different soils, we furthermore reveal a small effect of plant genotype on microbiota assembly. Our results suggest that domestication and prolonged breeding have impacted the vertically transferred bacteria, but only to a lesser extent have affected the soil-derived microbiota of bread wheat. IMPORTANCE Genetic and physiological changes associated with plant domestication have been studied for many crop species. Still little is known about the impact of domestication on the plant-associated microbiota. In this study, we analyze the seed-associated and soil-derived bacterial and fungal microbiota of domesticated bread wheat and wild emmer wheat. We show a significant difference in the seed-associated, but not soil-derived, bacterial communities of the wheat species. Interestingly, we find less pronounced effects on the fungal communities. Overall, this study provides novel insight into the diversity of vertically transmitted microbiota of wheat and thereby contributes to our understanding of wheat as a “metaorganism.” Insight into the wheat microbiota is of fundamental importance for the development of improved crops.Ezgi ÖzkurtM. Amine HassaniUğur SesizSven KünzelTal DaganHakan ÖzkanEva H. StukenbrockAmerican Society for Microbiologyarticleseed-associated microbiomeplant domesticationplant breedingmicrobiota assemblyagricultureplant microbiotaMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 11, Iss 6 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	seed-associated microbiome plant domestication plant breeding microbiota assembly agriculture plant microbiota Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	seed-associated microbiome plant domestication plant breeding microbiota assembly agriculture plant microbiota Microbiology QR1-502 Ezgi Özkurt M. Amine Hassani Uğur Sesiz Sven Künzel Tal Dagan Hakan Özkan Eva H. Stukenbrock Seed-Derived Microbial Colonization of Wild Emmer and Domesticated Bread Wheat (<italic toggle="yes">Triticum dicoccoides</italic> and <italic toggle="yes">T. aestivum</italic>) Seedlings Shows Pronounced Differences in Overall Diversity and Composition
description	ABSTRACT The composition of the plant microbiota may be altered by ecological and evolutionary changes in the host population. Seed-associated microbiota, expected to be largely vertically transferred, have the potential to coadapt with their host over generations. Strong directional selection and changes in the genetic composition of plants during domestication and cultivation may have impacted the assembly and transmission of seed-associated microbiota. Nonetheless, the effect of plant speciation and domestication on the composition of these microbes is poorly understood. Here, we have investigated the composition of bacteria and fungi associated with the wild emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccoides) and domesticated bread wheat (Triticum aestivum). We show that vertically transmitted bacteria, but not fungi, of domesticated bread wheat species T. aestivum are less diverse and more inconsistent among individual plants compared to those of the wild emmer wheat species T. dicoccoides. We propagated wheat seeds under sterile conditions to characterize the colonization of seedlings by seed-associated microbes. Hereby, we show markedly different community compositions and diversities of leaf and root colonizers of the domesticated bread wheat compared to the wild emmer wheat. By propagating the wild emmer wheat and domesticated bread wheat in two different soils, we furthermore reveal a small effect of plant genotype on microbiota assembly. Our results suggest that domestication and prolonged breeding have impacted the vertically transferred bacteria, but only to a lesser extent have affected the soil-derived microbiota of bread wheat. IMPORTANCE Genetic and physiological changes associated with plant domestication have been studied for many crop species. Still little is known about the impact of domestication on the plant-associated microbiota. In this study, we analyze the seed-associated and soil-derived bacterial and fungal microbiota of domesticated bread wheat and wild emmer wheat. We show a significant difference in the seed-associated, but not soil-derived, bacterial communities of the wheat species. Interestingly, we find less pronounced effects on the fungal communities. Overall, this study provides novel insight into the diversity of vertically transmitted microbiota of wheat and thereby contributes to our understanding of wheat as a “metaorganism.” Insight into the wheat microbiota is of fundamental importance for the development of improved crops.
format	article
author	Ezgi Özkurt M. Amine Hassani Uğur Sesiz Sven Künzel Tal Dagan Hakan Özkan Eva H. Stukenbrock
author_facet	Ezgi Özkurt M. Amine Hassani Uğur Sesiz Sven Künzel Tal Dagan Hakan Özkan Eva H. Stukenbrock
author_sort	Ezgi Özkurt
title	Seed-Derived Microbial Colonization of Wild Emmer and Domesticated Bread Wheat (<italic toggle="yes">Triticum dicoccoides</italic> and <italic toggle="yes">T. aestivum</italic>) Seedlings Shows Pronounced Differences in Overall Diversity and Composition
title_short	Seed-Derived Microbial Colonization of Wild Emmer and Domesticated Bread Wheat (<italic toggle="yes">Triticum dicoccoides</italic> and <italic toggle="yes">T. aestivum</italic>) Seedlings Shows Pronounced Differences in Overall Diversity and Composition
title_full	Seed-Derived Microbial Colonization of Wild Emmer and Domesticated Bread Wheat (<italic toggle="yes">Triticum dicoccoides</italic> and <italic toggle="yes">T. aestivum</italic>) Seedlings Shows Pronounced Differences in Overall Diversity and Composition
title_fullStr	Seed-Derived Microbial Colonization of Wild Emmer and Domesticated Bread Wheat (<italic toggle="yes">Triticum dicoccoides</italic> and <italic toggle="yes">T. aestivum</italic>) Seedlings Shows Pronounced Differences in Overall Diversity and Composition
title_full_unstemmed	Seed-Derived Microbial Colonization of Wild Emmer and Domesticated Bread Wheat (<italic toggle="yes">Triticum dicoccoides</italic> and <italic toggle="yes">T. aestivum</italic>) Seedlings Shows Pronounced Differences in Overall Diversity and Composition
title_sort	seed-derived microbial colonization of wild emmer and domesticated bread wheat (<italic toggle="yes">triticum dicoccoides</italic> and <italic toggle="yes">t. aestivum</italic>) seedlings shows pronounced differences in overall diversity and composition
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/1fb9a32e19844a5980b470c5e18aa587
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Seed-Derived Microbial Colonization of Wild Emmer and Domesticated Bread Wheat (<italic toggle="yes">Triticum dicoccoides</italic> and <italic toggle="yes">T. aestivum</italic>) Seedlings Shows Pronounced Differences in Overall Diversity and Composition

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