Pre-Existing Cross-Reactive Antibody Responses Do Not Significantly Impact Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine-Induced Neutralization

Recent exposure to seasonal coronaviruses (sCoVs) may stimulate cross-reactive antibody responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, previous studies have produced divergent results regarding protective or damaging immunity induced by prior sCoV exposure. It remai...

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Autores principales:	Jin Wang, Cheng Guo, Lin Cai, Conghui Liao, Huaimin Yi, Qianlin Li, Huan Hu, Qiang Deng, Yuying Lu, Zhongmin Guo, Zeliang Chen, Jiahai Lu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	SARS-CoV-2 seasonal coronavirus inactivated vaccine neutralization cross-reactive antibody immunity Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1fbbcd750be94667820ea20f8f158c49
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1fbbcd750be94667820ea20f8f158c492021-11-19T06:53:48ZPre-Existing Cross-Reactive Antibody Responses Do Not Significantly Impact Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine-Induced Neutralization1664-322410.3389/fimmu.2021.772511https://doaj.org/article/1fbbcd750be94667820ea20f8f158c492021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.772511/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-3224Recent exposure to seasonal coronaviruses (sCoVs) may stimulate cross-reactive antibody responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, previous studies have produced divergent results regarding protective or damaging immunity induced by prior sCoV exposure. It remains unknown whether pre-existing humoral immunity plays a role in vaccine-induced neutralization and antibody responses. In this study, we collected 36 paired sera samples from 36 healthy volunteers before and after immunization with inactivated whole-virion SARS-CoV-2 vaccines for COVID-19, and analyzed the distribution and intensity of pre-existing antibody responses at the epitope level pre-vaccination as well as the relationship between pre-existing sCoV immunity and vaccine-induced neutralization. We observed large amounts of pre-existing cross-reactive antibodies in the conserved regions among sCoVs, especially the S2 subunit. Excep t for a few peptides, the IgG and IgM fluorescence intensities against S, M and N peptides did not differ significantly between pre-vaccination and post-vaccination sera of vaccinees who developed a neutralization inhibition rate (%inhibition) <40 and %inhibition ≥40 after two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. Participants with strong and weak pre-existing cross-reactive antibodies (strong pre-CRA; weak pre-CRA) had similar %inhibition pre-vaccination (10.9% ± 2.9% vs. 12.0% ± 2.2%, P=0.990) and post-vaccination (43.8% ± 25.1% vs. 44.6% ± 21.5%, P=0.997). Overall, the strong pre-CRA group did not show a significantly greater increase in antibody responses to the S protein linear peptides post-vaccination compared with the weak pre-CRA group. Therefore, we found no evidence for a significant impact of pre-existing antibody responses on inactivated vaccine-induced neutralization and antibody responses. Our research provides an important basis for inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine use in the context of high sCoV seroprevalence.Jin WangJin WangCheng GuoLin CaiConghui LiaoConghui LiaoHuaimin YiHuaimin YiQianlin LiQianlin LiHuan HuHuan HuQiang DengQiang DengYuying LuYuying LuZhongmin GuoZeliang ChenZeliang ChenJiahai LuJiahai LuFrontiers Media S.A.articleSARS-CoV-2seasonal coronavirusinactivated vaccineneutralizationcross-reactive antibody immunityImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607ENFrontiers in Immunology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	SARS-CoV-2 seasonal coronavirus inactivated vaccine neutralization cross-reactive antibody immunity Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607
spellingShingle	SARS-CoV-2 seasonal coronavirus inactivated vaccine neutralization cross-reactive antibody immunity Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Jin Wang Jin Wang Cheng Guo Lin Cai Conghui Liao Conghui Liao Huaimin Yi Huaimin Yi Qianlin Li Qianlin Li Huan Hu Huan Hu Qiang Deng Qiang Deng Yuying Lu Yuying Lu Zhongmin Guo Zeliang Chen Zeliang Chen Jiahai Lu Jiahai Lu Pre-Existing Cross-Reactive Antibody Responses Do Not Significantly Impact Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine-Induced Neutralization
description	Recent exposure to seasonal coronaviruses (sCoVs) may stimulate cross-reactive antibody responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, previous studies have produced divergent results regarding protective or damaging immunity induced by prior sCoV exposure. It remains unknown whether pre-existing humoral immunity plays a role in vaccine-induced neutralization and antibody responses. In this study, we collected 36 paired sera samples from 36 healthy volunteers before and after immunization with inactivated whole-virion SARS-CoV-2 vaccines for COVID-19, and analyzed the distribution and intensity of pre-existing antibody responses at the epitope level pre-vaccination as well as the relationship between pre-existing sCoV immunity and vaccine-induced neutralization. We observed large amounts of pre-existing cross-reactive antibodies in the conserved regions among sCoVs, especially the S2 subunit. Excep t for a few peptides, the IgG and IgM fluorescence intensities against S, M and N peptides did not differ significantly between pre-vaccination and post-vaccination sera of vaccinees who developed a neutralization inhibition rate (%inhibition) <40 and %inhibition ≥40 after two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. Participants with strong and weak pre-existing cross-reactive antibodies (strong pre-CRA; weak pre-CRA) had similar %inhibition pre-vaccination (10.9% ± 2.9% vs. 12.0% ± 2.2%, P=0.990) and post-vaccination (43.8% ± 25.1% vs. 44.6% ± 21.5%, P=0.997). Overall, the strong pre-CRA group did not show a significantly greater increase in antibody responses to the S protein linear peptides post-vaccination compared with the weak pre-CRA group. Therefore, we found no evidence for a significant impact of pre-existing antibody responses on inactivated vaccine-induced neutralization and antibody responses. Our research provides an important basis for inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine use in the context of high sCoV seroprevalence.
format	article
author	Jin Wang Jin Wang Cheng Guo Lin Cai Conghui Liao Conghui Liao Huaimin Yi Huaimin Yi Qianlin Li Qianlin Li Huan Hu Huan Hu Qiang Deng Qiang Deng Yuying Lu Yuying Lu Zhongmin Guo Zeliang Chen Zeliang Chen Jiahai Lu Jiahai Lu
author_facet	Jin Wang Jin Wang Cheng Guo Lin Cai Conghui Liao Conghui Liao Huaimin Yi Huaimin Yi Qianlin Li Qianlin Li Huan Hu Huan Hu Qiang Deng Qiang Deng Yuying Lu Yuying Lu Zhongmin Guo Zeliang Chen Zeliang Chen Jiahai Lu Jiahai Lu
author_sort	Jin Wang
title	Pre-Existing Cross-Reactive Antibody Responses Do Not Significantly Impact Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine-Induced Neutralization
title_short	Pre-Existing Cross-Reactive Antibody Responses Do Not Significantly Impact Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine-Induced Neutralization
title_full	Pre-Existing Cross-Reactive Antibody Responses Do Not Significantly Impact Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine-Induced Neutralization
title_fullStr	Pre-Existing Cross-Reactive Antibody Responses Do Not Significantly Impact Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine-Induced Neutralization
title_full_unstemmed	Pre-Existing Cross-Reactive Antibody Responses Do Not Significantly Impact Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine-Induced Neutralization
title_sort	pre-existing cross-reactive antibody responses do not significantly impact inactivated covid-19 vaccine-induced neutralization
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/1fbbcd750be94667820ea20f8f158c49
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Pre-Existing Cross-Reactive Antibody Responses Do Not Significantly Impact Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine-Induced Neutralization

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